Cloning and molecular analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloride channel gene family

Lv, Qundan; Tang, Rachel; Liu, Hua; Gao, Xing; Li, Yi-zhou; Zheng, Huiqiong; Zhang, Hongxia

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.02.006

Cited by 68 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Arabidopsis contains seven homologs, named CLC-a to CLC-g, which all potentially reside in intracellular membranes (Lv et al, 2009). The most thoroughly investigated plant CLC homolog is CLC-a, which, like the bacterial counterpart, utilizes the pH gradient across the vacuolar membrane to transport nitrate into the organelle (De Angeli et al, 2006;Bergsdorf et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single-Pore Residue Renders the Arabidopsis Root Anion Channel SLAH2 Highly Nitrate Selective

et al. 2014

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In contrast to animal cells, plants use nitrate as a major source of nitrogen. Following the uptake of nitrate, this major macronutrient is fed into the vasculature for long-distance transport. The Arabidopsis thaliana shoot expresses the anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1) and its homolog SLAC1 HOMOLOGOUS3 (SLAH3), which prefer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions. By contrast, we identified SLAH2 as a nitrate-specific channel that is impermeable for chloride. To understand the molecular basis for nitrate selection in the SLAH2 channel, SLAC1 and SLAH2 were modeled to the structure of HiTehA, a distantly related bacterial member. Structure-guided site-directed mutations converted SLAC1 into a SLAH2-like nitrate-specific anion channel and vice versa. Our findings indicate that two pore-occluding phenylalanines constrict the pore. The selectivity filter of SLAC/SLAH anion channels is determined by the polarity of pore-lining residues located on alpha helix 3. Changing the polar character of a single amino acid side chain (Ser-228) to a nonpolar residue turned the nitrate-selective SLAH2 into a chloride/nitrate-permeable anion channel. Thus, the molecular basis of the anion specificity of SLAC/SLAH anion channels seems to be determined by the presence and constellation of polar side chains that act in concert with the two pore-occluding phenylalanines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single-Pore Residue Renders the Arabidopsis Root Anion Channel SLAH2 Highly Nitrate Selective

et al. 2014

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“…The Arabidopsis genome contains seven genes encoding ClCs. Among them four members, ClCa-c, and ClCg localize to the vacuolar membrane and/or to prevacuolar compartments, while ClCd and ClCf reside in the Golgi apparatus and ClCe was shown to be localized to chloroplasts (206,212,358). Lack of ClCa function with Arabidopsis mutants has been shown to affect plant nitrate management (96).…”

Section: Clcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Channels in Plants

Hedrich

2012

Physiological Reviews

403

322

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Since the first recordings of single potassium channel activities in the plasma membrane of guard cells more than 25 years ago, patch-clamp studies discovered a variety of ion channels in all cell types and plant species under inspection. Their properties differed in a cell type-and cell membranedependent manner. Guard cells, for which the existence of plant potassium channels was initially documented, advanced to a versatile model system for studying plant ion channel structure, function, and physiology. Interestingly, one of the first identified potassium-channel genes encoding the Shaker-type channel KAT1 was shown to be highly expressed in guard cells. KAT1-type channels from Arabidopsis thaliana and its homologs from other species were found to encode the K ϩ -selective inward rectifiers that had already been recorded in early patch-clamp studies with guard cells. Within the genome era, additional Arabidopsis Shaker-type channels appeared. All nine members of the Arabidopsis Shaker family are localized at the plasma membrane, where they either operate as inward rectifiers, outward rectifiers, weak voltage-dependent channels, or electrically silent, but modulatory subunits. The vacuole membrane, in contrast, harbors a set of two-pore K ϩ channels. Just very recently, two plant anion channel families of the SLAC/SLAH and ALMT/QUAC type were identified. SLAC1/SLAH3 and QUAC1 are expressed in guard cells and mediate Slow-and Rapid-type anion currents, respectively, that are involved in volume and turgor regulation. Anion channels in guard cells and other plant cells are key targets within often complex signaling networks. Here, the present knowledge is reviewed for the plant ion channel biology. Special emphasis is drawn to the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation, in the context of model systems and in the light of evolution.

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“…In animals, CLCtype channels function in the regulation of membrane potential and cellular pH homeostasis; besides, the mutation of CLC-type channels causes diseases such as nephropathies (Dutzler 2004). In higher plants, CLC-type anion transporting proteins have been reported to play a role in turgor maintenance, stomatal movement, nutrient transport and metal tolerance (Hechenberger et al 1996;Garcia-Mata et al 2003;De Angeli et al 2006;Diédhiou and Golldack 2006;Lv et al 2009). However, despite their putative roles in diverse functions, the molecular identities and biophysical properties of these CLC proteins are still not fully understood.…”

Section: Expression Analysis Of Zmmapkkk Zmclc-d and Zmrlk Genes By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterisation of candidate genes involved in chilling responses in maize (Zea mays L.)

Yang

Zou

et al. 2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Chilling stress can have severe impacts on the growth, development and productivity of maize worldwide. In the present study, cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate gene expression in maize during chilling treatments (6°C) over four time periods (0, 2, 6 and 12 h). A total of 441 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) induced by lowtemperature treatment were detected. Based on the sequence analysis, the 58 TDFs of known functions were involved in metabolism, photosynthesis, signal transduction and defence responses etc., suggesting that maize undergoes a complex adaptive process in response to low temperatures. Three full-length cDNA, encoding MAP-KKK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase), CLC-D (chloride channel D) and RLK (receptor-like protein kinases) homologues, were isolated from maize through in silico cloning and named as ZmMAPKKK, ZmCLC-D and ZmRLK, respectively. Finally, the expression patterns of the three genes showed a significant increase of differential expression after chilling stress as analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time qRT-PCR. This study provides important clues to understanding low-temperature regulation mechanisms in maize and the three candidate genes involved in chilling responses need further research to determine their usefulness in breeding new resistance cultivars.

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Cloning and molecular analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloride channel gene family

Cited by 68 publications

References 54 publications

A Single-Pore Residue Renders the Arabidopsis Root Anion Channel SLAH2 Highly Nitrate Selective

A Single-Pore Residue Renders the Arabidopsis Root Anion Channel SLAH2 Highly Nitrate Selective

Ion Channels in Plants

Identification and characterisation of candidate genes involved in chilling responses in maize (Zea mays L.)

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