Cloning and Functional Characterization of Three Branch Point Oxidosqualene Cyclases from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Dhar, Niha; Rana, Satiander; Razdan, Sumeer; Bhat, Wajid Waheed; Hussain, Aashiq; Dhar, Rekha S.; Vaishnavi, Samantha; Hamid, Abid; Vishwakarma, Ram A.; Lattoo, Surrinder K.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.571919

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In arabidopsis, CAS1 is reported to be involved in the biogenesis of plastid (Babiychuk et al 2008). CAS was also characterized in Withania somnifera (Dhar et al 2014), Nicotiana (Gas-Pascual et al 2014), Siraitia grosvenorii (Zhao et al 2017) etc. In addition to the above-mentioned enzymes, many P450 and glucosyltransferases that were involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponin is discussed below.…”

Section: Enzymes Of Methylerythritol 4-phosphate (Mep) Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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Main conclusion Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production.Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.

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Section: Enzymes Of Methylerythritol 4-phosphate (Mep) Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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“…Substantial differences in the content and composition of triterpenoids among the marigold native plant organs and in vitro cultures confirm the existence of a correlation between morphological differentiation and the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, which is usually interpreted as the result of the organ-specific expression of biosynthetic genes and further enzymatic regulation. For triterpenoid biosynthesis, oxidosqualene cyclases appear to be decisive for redirecting the metabolic flux toward specific skeletons of these compounds (Vranová et al, 2012;Kumari et al, 2013;Dhar et al, 2014). It has been reported that the biosynthesis of some triterpenoid skeletons, including taraxastane-type, in in vitro plant cultures requires a certain degree of tissue differentiation (Akashi et al, 1994).…”

Section: Triterpenoid Profile Of Marigold In Vitro Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The content of free and esterified triterpenoids of the native marigold (Calendula officinalis) plant and its modifications in in vitro cultures

Niżyński

Alsoufi

Pączkowski

et al. 2015

Phytochemistry Letters

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“…The predicted transcription start site was enlarged and GA-motif (position-38), ACE (position-335), ATCTmotif (positions-319) were also present in the promoter region. In the promoter of WsOSC/BS, a gene encoding a b-AS in W. somnifera, cis-acting elements involving in light, hormone and other stress responsive were also predicted (Dhar et al 2014). The actual reaction between the predicted cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors still need further verification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For the inducer of methyl jasmonate, WsOSC/BS displayed increase at the transcript level and no variation at the protein level. The competition for substrate pool towards biosynthesis of diverse primary and secondary metabolites among OSC members, those were WsOSC/BS, WsOSC/LS and WsOSC/CS, were therein implied (Dhar et al 2014). In transgenic soybean seeds, the silence of GmBAS1, a b-AS gene, exhibited a stable reduction in seed saponin content with the extent of saponin deficiency correlating with the b-AS mRNA depletion (Takagi et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cloning and analysis of β-amyrin synthase gene in Bupleurum chinense

Gao

Wang

et al. 2015

Genes Genom

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Bupleurum chinense DC. is one of the source plants of a well-known crude drug, Chai hu (Radix Bupleuri), producing triterpenoid saponins (saikosaponins) with a wide-spectrum of pharmacological applications. The biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins involved with the cyclizing of the precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene to produce the first committed triterpene b-amyrin catalyzed by b-amyrin synthase (b-AS), whereafter diverse of triterpenoid saponins was biosynthesized. In addition, 2,3-oxidosqualene could be catalyzed by cycloartenol synthase directing to the synthesis of phytosterol. b-AS was thus defined as an important branch point between primary and secondary metabolisms, and may play a regulating role in the control of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis. In this study, the promoter and protein-encoding regions of a b-AS gene (designated bcAS1) were isolated by genome walking and PCR from B. chinense. Several important cis-acting elements for gene regulation were identified within the promoter region including light-responsive, hormoneresponsive and various other stress-related elements. Approximate 0.8 kb fragment on upstream of ATG start codon of bcAS1 was sub-cloned into pAN580 vector to replace the 35S promoter driving the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The promoter activity was detected by transient expression in onion epidermis cells by the expression of GFP. Approximately 6 kb length of bcAS1 gene was cloned, containing 18 exons and 17 introns. Although a dozen of b-AS cDNA was isolated, seldom the promoter and gene of it was reported. This work was a valuable foundation for further studies on the regulatory role of b-AS in biosynthesis of saikosaponins.

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Cloning and Functional Characterization of Three Branch Point Oxidosqualene Cyclases from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Cited by 71 publications

References 54 publications

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

The content of free and esterified triterpenoids of the native marigold (Calendula officinalis) plant and its modifications in in vitro cultures

Cloning and analysis of β-amyrin synthase gene in Bupleurum chinense

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