Cloning and expression analysis of two putative papaya genes encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins

Broetto, Sabrina Garcia; Fabi, João Paulo; Nascimento, João Roberto Oliveira do

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.03.002

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The primer sequences for genes are depicted in Supplementary Table S1 (PG – PG1 and PG2 ; PG 3 “QRT2” – PG3 ; PL – PL1 ; PL family – PL2 ; AGAL – AGAL1 and AGAL3 ; BGAL – BGAL1 and BGAL3 ; PME – PME1 , PME2 , and PME3 ; ARF – ARF ; XYL – XYL ; CELL – CELL ; and XTH [ext/EXGT-A1] – XTH ). Internal controls (reference genes) were the actin ( ACT ), the elongation factor 1-α ( EF1 ), and the ubiquitin ( UBQ ) genes, as previously reported ( Fabi et al, 2014 ; Broetto et al, 2015 ), and RNA expression levels did not influence data, as suggested by the GeNorm analyses ( Vandesompele et al, 2002 ). The geometrical means of the threshold cycle (Ct) values were achieved for the analysis of relative expression ( Vandesompele et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening

et al. 2016

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. Results showed that up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes were positively correlated with some monosaccharide profiles. In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening

et al. 2016

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“…Remarkably, many important questions remain despite the aforementioned studies. For instance, we have no research directly implying a role for polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) in avocado; proteins which have been extensively studied in other plant species ( Powell et al, 2000 ; Ferrari et al, 2003 ; Wang et al, 2013a ; Broetto et al, 2015 ; Gao et al, 2015 ). Notably, PGIPs prevent plant cell wall degradation and subsequent pathogen infiltration by inhibiting polygalacturonases, enzymes secreted by several fungal and oomycete pathogens ( Powell et al, 2000 ; De Lorenzo et al, 2001 ; Di Matteo et al, 2003 ; Ferrari et al, 2003 ; D’Ovidio et al, 2004 ; Shanmugam, 2005 ; Amil-Ruiz et al, 2011 ; Gao et al, 2015 ), including P. cinnamomi ( Götesson et al, 2002 ; Hardham and Blackman, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding Defense Mechanisms in Persea americana Against Phytophthora cinnamomi

et al. 2021

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Avocado (Persea americana) is an economically important fruit crop world-wide, the production of which is challenged by notable root pathogens such as Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rosellinia necatrix. Arguably the most prevalent, P. cinnamomi, is a hemibiotrophic oomycete which causes Phytophthora root rot, leading to reduced yields and eventual tree death. Despite its’ importance, the development of molecular tools and resources have been historically limited, prohibiting significant progress toward understanding this important host-pathogen interaction. The development of a nested qPCR assay capable of quantifying P. cinnamomi during avocado infection has enabled us to distinguish avocado rootstocks as either resistant or tolerant - an important distinction when unraveling the defense response. This review will provide an overview of our current knowledge on the molecular defense pathways utilized in resistant avocado rootstock against P. cinnamomi. Notably, avocado demonstrates a biphasic phytohormone profile in response to P. cinnamomi infection which allows for the timely expression of pathogenesis-related genes via the NPR1 defense response pathway. Cell wall modification via callose deposition and lignification have also been implicated in the resistant response. Recent advances such as composite plant transformation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses as well as genomics and transcriptomics will complement existing molecular, histological, and biochemical assay studies and further elucidate avocado defense mechanisms.

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“…The PGIP anti-disease effect has been confirmed in a series of in vivo experiments. PGIP-mediated fungi resistance has been shown in various important cash crops, such as grapes [57,58], papaya [59], potatoes [51], alfalfa [15], cotton [60], green beans [6,28,61], tomatoes [62], peas [63], mandarin orange [64], tobacco [65], and Arabidopsis [66]. PGIP expression does not affect plant phenotype or inhibit plant growth in sugar beet [67] or tobacco [67].…”

Section: Application Of Pgip In Plant Disease Resistance Genetic Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding the Function of the PGIP Gene and the Research of Its Proteins for the Disease Resistance of Plants

Cheng

Lin

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is an important plant biochemical anti-disease factor. PGIP has a leucine-rich repeat structure that can selectively bind and inhibit the activity of endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG) in fungi, playing a key role in plant disease resistance. The regulation of PGIP in plant disease resistance has been well studied, and the effect of PGIP to increase disease resistance is clear. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the PGIP protein structure, the PGIP mechanism of plant disease resistance, and anti-disease activity by PGIP gene transfer. This overview should contribute to a better understanding of PGIP function and can help guide resistance breeding of PGIP for anti-disease effects.

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Cloning and expression analysis of two putative papaya genes encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening

Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening

Advances in Understanding Defense Mechanisms in Persea americana Against Phytophthora cinnamomi

Recent Advances in Understanding the Function of the PGIP Gene and the Research of Its Proteins for the Disease Resistance of Plants

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