“…Activation of pluripotency genes is a critical event during nuclear reprogramming (Hanna, Saha, & Jaenisch, ), wherein properly timed up‐regulation of these endogenous genes improves the developmental capacity of SCNT embryos and the quality of the blastocysts (Tancos, Bock, Nemes, Kobolak, & Dinnyes, ). Indeed, inhibition of reprogramming was associated with a reduction in the expression of pluripotency genes, including NANOG , SOX2 , and C‐MYC in rabbit (Saenz‐de‐Juano, Marco‐Jimenez, & Vicente, ).…”
The type and pattern of epigenetic modification in donor cells can significantly affect the developmental competency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Here, we investigated the developmental capacity, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications of SCNT embryos derived from porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and fetal fibroblasts (FFs) donor cells compared to embryos obtained from in vitro fertilization (IVF). Compared to FFs, the donor BMSCs had more active epigenetic markers (Histone H3 modifications: H3K9Ac, H3K4me3, and H3K4me2) and fewer repressive epigenetic markers (H3K9me3, H3K9me2, and DNA methyltransferase 1). Embryos derived from BMSC nuclear-transfer (BMSC-NT embryos) and IVF embryos had significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates (BMSC-NT: 71.3 ± 3.4%, 29.1 ± 2.3%; IVF: 69.2 ± 2.2%, 30.2 ± 3.3%; respectively) than FF-NT embryos (58.1 ± 3.4%, 15.1 ± 1.5%, respectively). Bisulfite sequencing revealed that DNA methylation at the promoter regions of NANOG and POU5F1 was lower in BMSC-NT embryos (30.0%, 9.8%, respectively) than those in FF-NT embryos (34.2%, 28.0%, respectively). We also found that BMSC-NT embryos had more H3K9Ac and less H3K9me3 and 5-methylcytosine than FF-NT embryos. In conclusion, our finding comparing BMSCs versus FFs as donors for nuclear transfer revealed that differences in the initial epigenetic state of donor cells have a remarkable effect on overall nuclear reprogramming of SCNT embryos, wherein donor cells possessing a more open chromatin state are more conducive to nuclear reprogramming.
“…Activation of pluripotency genes is a critical event during nuclear reprogramming (Hanna, Saha, & Jaenisch, ), wherein properly timed up‐regulation of these endogenous genes improves the developmental capacity of SCNT embryos and the quality of the blastocysts (Tancos, Bock, Nemes, Kobolak, & Dinnyes, ). Indeed, inhibition of reprogramming was associated with a reduction in the expression of pluripotency genes, including NANOG , SOX2 , and C‐MYC in rabbit (Saenz‐de‐Juano, Marco‐Jimenez, & Vicente, ).…”
The type and pattern of epigenetic modification in donor cells can significantly affect the developmental competency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Here, we investigated the developmental capacity, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications of SCNT embryos derived from porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and fetal fibroblasts (FFs) donor cells compared to embryos obtained from in vitro fertilization (IVF). Compared to FFs, the donor BMSCs had more active epigenetic markers (Histone H3 modifications: H3K9Ac, H3K4me3, and H3K4me2) and fewer repressive epigenetic markers (H3K9me3, H3K9me2, and DNA methyltransferase 1). Embryos derived from BMSC nuclear-transfer (BMSC-NT embryos) and IVF embryos had significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates (BMSC-NT: 71.3 ± 3.4%, 29.1 ± 2.3%; IVF: 69.2 ± 2.2%, 30.2 ± 3.3%; respectively) than FF-NT embryos (58.1 ± 3.4%, 15.1 ± 1.5%, respectively). Bisulfite sequencing revealed that DNA methylation at the promoter regions of NANOG and POU5F1 was lower in BMSC-NT embryos (30.0%, 9.8%, respectively) than those in FF-NT embryos (34.2%, 28.0%, respectively). We also found that BMSC-NT embryos had more H3K9Ac and less H3K9me3 and 5-methylcytosine than FF-NT embryos. In conclusion, our finding comparing BMSCs versus FFs as donors for nuclear transfer revealed that differences in the initial epigenetic state of donor cells have a remarkable effect on overall nuclear reprogramming of SCNT embryos, wherein donor cells possessing a more open chromatin state are more conducive to nuclear reprogramming.
“…Immunohistochemical studies of peripheral nervous system showed that immature and dedifferentiated Schwann cells expressed SOX2 protein in adult rats (Kioke et al, 2014). Táncos et al (2015) Figure 3: Immunostaining of regenerating rabbit ear tissues and non-regenerative rat ear tissues at day 2. Epidermal, hair follicle and perichondrial cells expressed OCT4 (A, D) and SOX2 proteins (B, E).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scale bars, 100 μm (A, B, D and E) and 500 μm (C). suggested that OCT4 and SOX2 proteins might play conserving roles in maintaining and renewing various organs in the rabbit (Táncos et al, 2015).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…OCT4A is a nuclear protein that is involved in stemness and pluripotency, while OCT4B isoform is mainly present in cytoplasm and it is related to stress response of the cells (Cauffman et al, 2005). More recently, Táncos et al (2015) also applied monoclonal antibody (C10, Santa Cruz, sc-5279) to identify OCT4 protein in rabbit embryonic stem cells, although they were not working with tissues or a mixed population of cells (Táncos et al, 2015).…”
Epimorphic regeneration in New Zealand rabbit ear is an interesting example of mammalian wound healing in which blastema formation is involved in replacement of injured tissues. It has been suggested that isolated cells from regenerating rabbit ear possess stem-like properties. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression of stemness markers, OCT4 and SOX2 proteins, in regenerating rabbit tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results indicated that both proteins could be detected in epithelial cells, hair follicle cells and perichondrium cells. Expression pattern analysis of OCT4 and SOX2 proteins showed no clear differences between regenerative and non-regenerative control tissues. According to several reports of OCT4 and SOX2 proteins expression in adult stem cells, it could be proposed that OCT4 and SOX2 expressing cells in regenerating rabbit ear tissues are progenitor/adult stem cells which are resident in these tissues, and other markers should be used for detection of blastema cells.
“…A number of transcription factors that have been associated with pluripotency in the mouse, human, and livestock embryos, are also expressed in the rabbit. OCT4 is expressed throughout the whole preimplantation period, from a zygote to an implanting blastocyst at 6 dpc, although the expression level decreases over time, as evidenced by mRNA expression analysis , Kobolak et al, 2009, Mamo et al, 2008, Táncos et al, 2015, immunofluorescent labelling (Canon et al, 2018, Yin et al, 2013, and expression of GFP reporters (Quan et al, 2014, Yin et al, 2013. Recent evidence has shown that the decrease might be related to progressive methylation of the 5' regulatory region of POU5F1 and its gradual repression in the rabbit TE (Canon et al, 2018).…”
Section: Preimplantation Development Of the Rabbit Embryo And Early Lmentioning
The preimplantation development of mammals generally follows the same plan. It starts with the formation of a totipotent zygote, and through consecutive cleavage divisions and differentiation events leads to blastocyst formation. However, the intervening events may differ between species. The regulation of these processes has been extensively studied in the mouse, which displays some unique features among eutherian mammals. Farm animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep and rabbits share several similarities with one another, and with the human developmental plan. These include the timing of epigenetic reprogramming, the moment of embryonic genome activation and the developmental time-frame. Recently, efficient techniques for genetic modification have been established for large domestic animals. Genome sequences and gene manipulation tools are now available for cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, and a larger number of genetically engineered livestock is now accessible for biomedical research. Yet, these animals still make up less than 0.5% of animals in research, mainly due to our inadequate knowledge of the processes responsible for pluripotency maintenance (to date no stable naïve embryonic stem cell lines have been established) and early development. In this review, we highlight our present knowledge of the key preimplantation events in the 3 non-rodent species which present the highest potential for biomedical research related to early embryonic development: cattle, which offer an excellent model to study human in vitro embryo development, pigs which emerge as models to study the long-term effects of gene-based therapies and rabbits, which in many aspects of embryology resemble the human.
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