Cloning and Characterization of cDNA of Avirulence Gene<i>avr9</i>of the Fungal Pathogen<i>Cladosporium fulvum</i>, Causal Agent of Tomato Leaf Mold

Kan, Jan A.L. van; Ackerveken, A.F.J.M. van den; Wit, P.J.G.M. de

doi:10.1094/mpmi-4-052

Cited by 325 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…The complete HcTrk1 cDNA sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data base with accession number AM396516. The genomic DNA was purified from H. cylindrosporum mycelium according to Van Kan (28) to determine the number of gene copies by Southern blot analysis. A genomic library constructed in -GEM2 from the H. cylindrosporum strain h1 (29) was screened (about 5000 phages corresponding to ϳ5 times the size of the Hebeloma genome) using full-length HcTrk1 cDNA as a probe and following standard protocols (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Na+-K+ Transporter from the Trk Family in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum

Corratgé

Zimmermann

Lambilliotte

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between fungi and woody plants strongly improves plant mineral nutrition and constitutes a major biological process in natural ecosystems. Molecular identification and functional characterization of fungal transport systems involved in nutrient uptake are crucial steps toward understanding the improvement of plant nutrition and the symbiotic relationship itself. In the present report a transporter belonging to the Trk family is identified in the model ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum and named HcTrk1. The Trk family is still poorly characterized, although it plays crucial roles in K ؉ transport in yeasts and filamentous fungi. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae K ؉ uptake is mainly dependent on the activity of Trk transporters thought to mediate H ؉ :K ؉ symport. The ectomycorrhizal HcTrk1 transporter was functional when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, enabling the first electrophysiological characterization of a transporter from the Trk family. HcTrk1 mediates instantaneously activating inwardly rectifying currents, is permeable to both K ؉ and Na ؉ , and displays channel-like functional properties. The whole set of data and particularly a phenomenon reminiscent of the anomalous mole fraction effect suggest that the transport does not occur according to the classical alternating access model. Permeation appears to occur through a single-file pore, where interactions between Na ؉ and K ؉ might result in Na ؉ :K ؉ co-transport activity. HcTrk1 is expressed in external hyphae that explore the soil when the fungus grows in symbiotic condition. Thus, it could play a major role in both the K ؉ and Na ؉ nutrition of the fungus (and of the plant) in nutrient-poor soils.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Na+-K+ Transporter from the Trk Family in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum

Corratgé

Zimmermann

Lambilliotte

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…GUS, ␤-glucuronidase; n.d., not determined. which may be cued by fungal nitrogen starvation (Van Kan et al, 1991;Perez-Garcia et al, 2001). Here, we have shown that slow Mla12-triggered resistance was altered dramatically to a rapid response by Mla12 overexpression, leading to almost complete abortion of Bgh attack before haustorium differentiation (Figure 2).…”

Section: Altering Resistance Response Kinetics By Mla Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition Specificity and RAR1/SGT1 Dependence in Barley Mla Disease Resistance Genes to the Powdery Mildew Fungus

et al. 2003

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A large number of resistance specificities to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei map to the barley Mla locus. This complex locus harbors multiple members of three distantly related gene families that encode proteins that contain an N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) structure, a central nucleotide binding (NB) site, a Leu-rich repeat (LRR) region, and a C-terminal non-LRR (CT) region. We identified Mla12 , which encodes a CC-NB-LRR-CT protein that shares 89 and 92% identical residues with the known proteins MLA1 and MLA6. Slow Mla12 -triggered resistance was altered dramatically to a rapid response by overexpression of Mla12 . A series of reciprocal domains swaps between MLA1 and MLA6 identified in each protein recognition domain for cognate powdery mildew fungus avirulence genes ( AvrMla1 and AvrMla6 ). These domains were within different but overlapping LRR regions and the CT part. Unexpectedly, MLA chimeras that confer AvrMla6 recognition exhibited markedly different dependence on Rar1 , a gene required for the function of some but not all Mla resistance specificities. Furthermore, uncoupling of MLA6-specific function from RAR1 also uncoupled the response from SGT1, a protein known to associate physically with RAR1. Our findings suggest that differences in the degree of RAR1 dependence of different MLA immunity responses are determined by intrinsic properties of MLA variants and place RAR1/ SGT1 activity downstream of and/or coincident with the action of resistance protein-containing recognition complexes.

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“…Transgenic experiments assessing the expression of an intracellular Avrgene (encoding the TMV coat protein) led to N'-dependent cell death in tobacco (Culver and Dawson, 1991). The C. fulvum Avr9 peptide, which is sufficient to cause Cf-9-mediated resistance reactions (Van Kan et al, 1991;Van den Ackerveken et al, 1992), was expressed extracellularly in tomato plants by using a similar strategy (Hammond-Kosack et al, 1994). When these plants were crossed with Cf-9 tomato plants, hybrid seedlings died 13 days after germination.…”

Section: The Reaper's Pointed Finger: the Utlllty Of Directed Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death Don't Have No Mercy: Cell Death Programs in Plant-Microbe Interactions.

1996

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Cloning and Characterization of cDNA of Avirulence Geneavr9of the Fungal PathogenCladosporium fulvum, Causal Agent of Tomato Leaf Mold

Cited by 325 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Na+-K+ Transporter from the Trk Family in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Na+-K+ Transporter from the Trk Family in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum

Recognition Specificity and RAR1/SGT1 Dependence in Barley Mla Disease Resistance Genes to the Powdery Mildew Fungus

Death Don't Have No Mercy: Cell Death Programs in Plant-Microbe Interactions.

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