Cloning and characterization of a Schizophyllum gene with Aβ6 mating-type activity

Shen, Guang-Ping; Park, Dong-Chul; Ullrich, Robert C.; Novotny, Charles P.

doi:10.1007/s002940050028

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…A second locus for A in Schizophyllum, A~, has been cloned and analyzed and it turned out that this also codes for homeodomain transcription factors, one of which was sequenced [158]. A second active fragment within the locus awaits further analysis.…”

Section: The a Hcus Codes~br Homeodomain Transcription Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapolar fungal mating types: Sexes by the thousands

Kothe

1996

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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In order to achieve genetic rearrangement in a sexual cycle, eukaryotes go through the processes of meiosis and mating. Different mating types assure that mating is only possible between two genetically diverse individuals. Basidiomycetous fungi display thousands of different mating types that are determined by two genetically unlinked loci. One locus is multiallelic and contains genes for homeodomain transcription factors which are able to form heterodimers. The activation of target genes is dependent on heterodimers formed from the monomeric transcription factor proteins originating from different alleles of this genetic locus. The interactions between the two monomeric transcription factors and the activation of target genes by the heterodimeric proteins make this regulatory system both complex and interesting. The second locus contains a pheromone receptor system: the pheromone receptor is similar to the G protein-linked serpentine receptors in Saccharomyces cereeisiae that activate the pheromone response via a phosphorylation signal transduction cascade in S. cerevisiae. This pheromone perception is a trigger of sexual development and not, as with yeast, itself under cbntrol of mating type genes. Rather it directly senses diversity at the mating type loci. Whereas heterobasidiomycetes display a bi-allelic structure for this locus with recognition between one receptor and the opposite pheromone, homobasidiomycetes contain multiple specificities for pheromone receptors and pheromones.

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Section: The a Hcus Codes~br Homeodomain Transcription Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapolar fungal mating types: Sexes by the thousands

Kothe

1996

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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“…The multiple pairs of genes encoding HD proteins in the C. cinerea A locus are probably duplications of one original gene pair (45,51). In S. commune, the evolution of multiple specificities in the A genes awaits detailed analyses, since so far mainly A␣ alleles were investigated and very little information is available from genes in the A␤ locus (100). In contrast to the tetrapolar and bipolar species with a high number of allelic variants of HD proteins, the bipolar basidiomycete Cr.…”

Section: Molecular Structure Of a Mating Type Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basidiomycete Mating Type Genes and Pheromone Signaling

2010

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2The genome sequences of the basidiomycete Agaricomycetes species Coprinopsis cinerea, Laccaria bicolor, Schizophyllum commune, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Postia placenta, as well as of Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis, are now publicly available. Out of these fungi, C. cinerea, S. commune, and U. maydis, together with the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been investigated for years genetically and molecularly for signaling in sexual reproduction. The comparison of the structure and organization of mating type genes in fungal genomes reveals an amazing conservation of genes regulating the sexual reproduction throughout the fungal kingdom. In agaricomycetes, two mating type loci, A, coding for homeodomain type transcription factors, and B, encoding a pheromone/receptor system, regulate the four typical mating interactions of tetrapolar species. Evidence for both A and B mating type genes can also be identified in basidiomycetes with bipolar systems, where only two mating interactions are seen. In some of these fungi, the B locus has lost its self/nonself discrimination ability and thus its specificity while retaining the other regulatory functions in development. In silico analyses now also permit the identification of putative components of the pheromone-dependent signaling pathways. Induction of these signaling cascades leads to development of dikaryotic mycelia, fruiting body formation, and meiotic spore production. In pheromone-dependent signaling, the role of heterotrimeric G proteins, components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and cyclic AMP-dependent pathways can now be defined. Additionally, the pheromone-dependent signaling through monomeric, small GTPases potentially involved in creating the polarized cytoskeleton for reciprocal nuclear exchange and migration during mating is predicted. THE MATING SYSTEMS IN BASIDIOMYCETESThe typical life cycle of the higher basidiomycetes, presently classified as Agaricomycetes (Table 1) (34), consists of haploid, monokaryotic as well as dikaryotic stages, the latter of which prevails in nature. The monokaryotic mycelium contains nuclei of only one genetic type and is thus termed homokaryon. This mycelium, grown from haploid spores, in general contains one nucleus per cell (Fig. 1). The dikaryon is formed when genetically different homokaryons mate. In the saprotrophic agaricomycetes, the mushroom-forming species Schizophyllum commune and Coprinopsis cinerea (Table 1), mating is regulated by a tetrapolar system consisting of two unlinked genetic complexes, named A and B. The term tetrapolar reflects the fact that there are four possible mating interactions scored in matings between haploid strains derived from spores formed on the fruiting bodies of same parent dikaryon: a fully compatible interaction occurs when both A and B between the mates are of different specificities (Fig. 1), an incompatible interaction occurs when allelic specificities are all the same, and two semicompatible interactions occur when either A-o...

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“…It is thought that these protein interactions lead to the formation of active heterodimer homeodomain transcription factors, regulating expression of genes involved in sexual development (Casselton and Kü es, 1994). Recently, a gene with MATA␤ mating-type activity has also been cloned and characterized and it appears that this gene also codes for a homeodomain containing transcription factor (Shen et al, 1996).…”

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confidence: 98%