Cloning

Generation and characterization of rat liver stem cell lines and their engraftment in a rat model of liver failure

“…As their mouse and human counterparts 13 17 , the here described duct-derived rat liver organoids can be cultured extensively (>25 passages) and differentiate into duct cells and hepatocytes, thereby fulfilling the two main criteria of a bona fide stem cell: i.e. self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential 38 39 .…”

Multipotent Dental Stem Cells: An Alternative Adult Derived Stem Cell Source for Regenerative Medicine

“…Pluripotency has also been demonstrated in adult stem cells including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) (Jiang et al, 2002). Multipotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages that can form more than one tissue type (Alison et al, 2002;Mummery et al, 2011;Smith, 2006). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are an example of a multipotent stem cell and are able to differentiate into multiple tissues of the mesodermal lineage including bone, fat and cartilage (Zuk et al, 2002).…”

“…ESCs are obtained from the inner cell mass of the embryoblast (Biswas and Hutchins, 2007) which requires access to the early embryo. An advantage of using embryonic stem cells is their pluripotent potential and their ability to differentiate into all three germ layers (Alison et al, 2002;Mummery et al, 2011;Thomson et al, 1998). Studies on dental stem cells have only shown them to only be multipotent (Gronthos et al, 2000;Karaöz et al, 2010;Miura et al, 2003;Morsczeck et al, 2005;Seo et al, 2004;Sonoyama et al, 2006).…”

“…Totipotent is defined as the ability to differentiate into any of the cell types of the entire organism, both embryonic and adult cell types (Dannan, 2009;Mummery et al, 2011;Smith, 2006). An example of a totipotent cell is a fertilized egg cell because it is able to differentiate into embryonic, extra-embryonic (ie.…”

“…An example of a totipotent cell is a fertilized egg cell because it is able to differentiate into embryonic, extra-embryonic (ie. placenta) and adult tissues of the entire organism (Alison et al, 2002;Dannan, 2009;Mummery et al, 2011). Pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into all cell lineages including the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm but not the extra-embryonic tissues (Alison et al, 2002;Dannan, 2009;Fortier, 2005;Mummery et al, 2011;Smith, 2006).…”