Clonidine for smoking cessation

Gourlay, SG; Stead, Lindsay F; Nl, Benowitz

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000058

Cited by 49 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Clonidine use has shown to reduce craving for tobacco (Gourlay, Stead, & Benowitz, 2004). Nonetheless, even when only smokers treated with clonidine in the NDS group (n = 47) were compared with those in the ND group, craving remained significantly higher among nicotine-dependent patients who smoked during treatment (F = 3.…”

Section: Cigarette Cravingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Smoking and Opioid Detoxification: Behavioral Changes and Response to Treatment

Mannelli

Peindl

et al. 2013

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Section: Cigarette Cravingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Smoking and Opioid Detoxification: Behavioral Changes and Response to Treatment

Mannelli

Peindl

et al. 2013

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Clonidine is also a good choice in renal patients because of its antihypertensive effect, but it is hampered by known adverse effects and has been investigated in only a few trials. According to a meta-analysis of six studies (127), the pooled OR of clonidine versus placebo was 1.89.…”

Section: Smoking Cessation Strategies In Renal Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking

Orth

Hallan²

2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

253

174

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Although it is beyond any doubt that smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in most countries, smoking as an independent progression factor in renal disease has been questioned against the background of evidence-based criteria. This is because information from large, randomized, prospective studies that investigate the effects of smoking on renal function in healthy individuals as well as in patients with primary or secondary renal disease are lacking. Since 2003, a substantial number of clinical and experimental data concerning the adverse renal effects of smoking have been published, including large, prospective, population-based, observational studies. These more recent data together with evidence from experimental studies clearly indicate that smoking is a relevant risk factor, conferring a substantial increase in risk for renal function deterioration. This review summarizes the present knowledge about the renal risks of smoking as well as the increased cardiovascular risk caused by smoking in patients with chronic kidney disease. The conclusion is that smoking is an important renal risk factor, and nephrologists have to invest more efforts to motivate patients to stop smoking.

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“…Smoking cessation treatments target non-cholinergic receptors (eg, clonidine), a combination of cholinergic and non-cholinergic receptors (eg, bupropion), or only cholinergic receptors (eg, varenicline and cytisine) (Gourlay et al, 2004;Slemmer et al, 2000;Jorenby et al, 2006). In the present studies, we evaluated the effects of three structurally related cholinergic receptor agonists (cytisine, varenicline, and 3-(pyridin-3 0 -yl)-cytisine (3-pyr-Cyt)) on nicotine withdrawal in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varenicline and Cytisine Diminish the Dysphoric-Like State Associated with Spontaneous Nicotine Withdrawal in Rats

Igari

Alexander

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Tobacco addiction is characterized by a negative mood state upon smoking cessation and relapse after periods of abstinence. Clinical studies indicate that negative mood states lead to craving and relapse. The partial a4/a6/b2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists varenicline and cytisine are widely used as smoking cessation treatments. Varenicline has been approved in the United States for smoking cessation and cytisine is used in Eastern European countries. Despite the widespread use of these compounds, very little is known about their effects on mood states. These studies investigated the effects of varenicline, cytisine, and the cytisine-derivative 3-(pyridin-3 0 -yl)-cytisine (3-pyr-Cyt) on brain reward function in nicotine-naive and nicotine-withdrawing rats. The cytisine-derivative 3-pyr-Cyt is a very weak a4b2* nAChR partial agonist and like cytisine and varenicline has antidepressant-like effects in animal models. The intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure was used to investigate the effects of these compounds on brain reward function. Elevations in ICSS thresholds reflect a dysphoric state and a lowering of thresholds is indicative of a potentiation of brain reward function. It was shown that acute administration of nicotine and varenicline lowered ICSS thresholds. Acute administration of cytisine or 3-pyr-Cyt did not affect ICSS thresholds. Discontinuation of chronic, 14 days, nicotine administration led to elevations in ICSS thresholds that lasted for about 2 days. Varenicline and cytisine, but not 3-pyr-Cyt, diminished the nicotine withdrawal-induced elevations in ICSS thresholds. In conclusion, these studies indicate that varenicline and cytisine diminish the dysphoric-like state associated with nicotine withdrawal and may thereby prevent relapse to smoking in humans.

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Clonidine for smoking cessation

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Smoking and Opioid Detoxification: Behavioral Changes and Response to Treatment

Smoking and Opioid Detoxification: Behavioral Changes and Response to Treatment

Smoking

Varenicline and Cytisine Diminish the Dysphoric-Like State Associated with Spontaneous Nicotine Withdrawal in Rats

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