CLOnE: Controlled Language for Ontology Editing

Abstract

Abstract. This paper presents a controlled language for ontology editing and a software implementation, based partly on standard NLP tools, for processing that language and manipulating an ontology. The input sentences are analysed deterministically and compositionally with respect to a given ontology, which the software consults in order to interpret the input's semantics; this allows the user to learn fewer syntactic structures since some of them can be used to refer to either classes or instances, for example. A repeated-measures, task-based evaluation has been carried out in comparison with a well-known ontology editor; our software received favourable results for basic tasks. The paper also discusses work in progress and future plans for developing this language and tool.

Towards Enhanced Usability of Natural Language Interfaces to Knowledge Bases

“…Therefore, using Nat-ural Language for ontology authoring might be a solution. CLOnE -Controlled Language for Ontology Editing ( [46], [21]) allows users to design, create, and manage information spaces without knowledge of complicated standards (e.g. OWL) or ontology engineering tools.…”

“…The components are based on GATE's existing tools for Information Extraction and Natural Language Processing [15]. CLOnE is designed either to accept input as valid (in which case accuracy is generally 100%) or to reject it and warn the user of their errors [21]. Many systems similar to CLOnE have been developed with the idea to enable ontology authoring using natural language (e.g.…”

Natural Language-Based Approach for Helping in the Reuse of Ontology Design Patterns

“…Some examples of controlled languages are: the Manchester Syntax [14], the Attempto Controlled English (ACE) [15], the Rabbit syntax [7], the Sydney OWL Syntax [6], or CLOnE (Controlled Language for Ontology Editing) [8]. The main idea underlying controlled languages is to allow naive users to express their modelling needs following certain syntactic rules.…”

“…However, there are still some limitations regarding the efforts users need to make in order to become familiar with these controlled languages before being able to start using them. Furthermore, sentences resulting from the use of controlled languages are quite artificial, since they just manage to disguise the underlying OWL syntax (see examples from [32,8] in Table 2), what makes learning even harder. Finally, they all rely on the English syntax, without taking into account other languages.…”

A Natural Language Query Interface to Structured Information

“…In previous work [1,2] we have presented the CLOnE system (originally named CLIE) that provides a textual interface for editing a knowledge base (KB) through the use of an open-vocabulary, general purpose controlled language. That was designed as an interface for manual intervention in the process of generating ontological data from either structured information, through direct mapping, or from unstructured text, through semantic annotation.…”