Clonal Variation in the Bark Chemical Properties of Hybrid Aspen: Potential for Added Value Chemicals

Korkalo, Pasi; Korpinen, Risto; Beuker, Egbert; Sarjala, Tytti; Hellström, Jarkko; Kaseva, Janne; Lassi, Ulla; Jyske, Tuula

doi:10.3390/molecules25194403

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A thiolytic degradation method as described by Korkalo et al was applied to determine CTs (proanthocyanidins) in the lyophilised bark samples [65]. First, a ground sample (10-20 mg) was mixed with 1 mL of a depolymerisation reagent (3 g of cysteamine dissolved in 56 mL of methanol acidified with 4 mL of 13 M HCl) and incubated for 60 min at 65 • C. During incubation, the samples were vortexed for a few seconds every 15 min.…”

Section: Analysis Of Proanthocyanidins By High-performance Liquid Chr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of Extractives in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Bark during Pile Storage

et al. 2022

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The current practices regarding the procurement chain of forest industry sidestreams, such as conifer bark, do not always lead to optimal conditions for preserving individual chemical compounds. This study investigates the standard way of storing bark in large piles in an open area. We mainly focus on the degradation of the most essential hydrophilic and hydrophobic extractives and carbohydrates. First, two large 450 m3 piles of bark from Norway spruce (Picea abies) were formed, one of which was covered with snow. The degradation of the bark extractives was monitored for 24 weeks. Samples were taken from the middle, side and top of the pile. Each sample was extracted at 120 °C with both n-hexane and water, and the extracts produced were then analysed chromatographically using gas chromatography with flame ionisation or mass selective detection and high-performance liquid chromatography. The carbohydrates were next analysed using acidic hydrolysis and acidic methanolysis, followed by chromatographic separation of the monosaccharides formed and their derivatives. The results showed that the most intensive degradation occurred during the first 4 weeks of storage. The levels of hydrophilic extractives were also found to decrease drastically (69% in normal pile and 73% in snow-covered pile) during storage, whereas the decrease in hydrophobic extractives was relatively stable (15% in normal pile and 8% in snow-covered pile). The top of the piles exhibited the most significant decrease in the total level of extractives (73% in normal and snow-covered pile), whereas the bark in the middle of the pile retained the highest amount of extractives (decreased by 51% in normal pile and 47% in snow-covered pile) after 24-week storage.

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Section: Analysis Of Proanthocyanidins By High-performance Liquid Chr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of Extractives in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Bark during Pile Storage

et al. 2022

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“…From a hybrid aspen (P. tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) random-block designed clonal field trial in southeast Finland (P 61049′, E 29020′), three clones were selected that had been included in wood property studies [18,20,21] (Table 1). The trial was established in 2002 using one-year old plants.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ID is identical as inKorkalo et al (2020),2 the national list of approved basic forest reproductive material, kept by the Finnish Food Authority,3 the ID used in Hytönen et al (2018; 2020), 4 H = tree height, 5 LTL = height of living treetop line measured from ground level, 6,7 cross length (measured in north-south orientation) of sample discs from the heights of 1.3 m and 5.0 m from ground level…”

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How clonal differences and within-tree heterogeneity affect pore properties of hybrid aspen wood and biochar?

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et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Production of applicable and homogeneous biochar for soil amendment purposes would benefit from knowledge on how feedstock heterogeneity impacts key biochar pore properties and how the properties are transformed due to pyrolysis. This study aimed (1) to quantify how clonal differences and within-tree heterogeneity of a hybrid aspen feedstock (wood) impact biochar pore properties and (2) to estimate how pore properties of non-pyrolysed wood materials are transformed when pyrolysed into biochar. The study was conducted by collecting samples from a hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) clonal field trial. Key pore properties of non-pyrolysed and pyrolysed wood samples were quantified with 3D X-ray imaging and quantitative image analyses. The results demonstrated how pyrolysis shifted distinctively bi-modal pore size distributions of the wood samples towards smaller pore size regions. The bi-modal wood tissue structure controlled the pore structure also in the biochars. Due to decreasing cell wall thicknesses, the pyrolysis increased the porosity of the materials. While the thermal process homogenized differences in the wall thicknesses, the thicknesses of the feedstock were also shown to control the resulting thicknesses in the biochars. Mechanisms of biochar pore property formation can be considered important when designing applicable biochars for a chosen purpose. Clonal differences and within-tree heterogeneity had a direct impact only on the wall thicknesses and the pore diameters of vessels. These impacts can be of interest when planning feedstock utilization in biochar production. However, the results suggest that relatively homogeneous biochar can be produced from hybrid aspen feedstocks.

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“…One possible solution could be to cultivate fast-growing tree species as a source of raw materials for chemical production. By cultivating clonal trees, the raw material can be tailored ( Korkalo et al, 2020 ) to serve better the needs of the chemical industry, locate the biomass source closer to chemical production, and accelerate biomass production ( Beuker et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroligneous Acids of Differently Pretreated Hybrid Aspen Biomass: Herbicide and Fungicide Performance

et al. 2022

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The pyroligneous acids (PAs) of woody biomass produced by torrefaction have pesticidal properties. Thus, PAs are potential alternatives to synthetic plant protection chemicals. Although woody biomass is a renewable feedstock, its use must be efficient. The efficiency of biomass utilization can be improved by applying a cascading use principle. This study is novel because we evaluate for the first time the pesticidal potential of PAs derived from the bark of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) and examine simultaneously how the production of the PAs can be interlinked with the cascade processing of hybrid aspen biomass. Hybrid aspen bark contains valuable extractives that can be separated before the hemicellulose is thermochemically converted into plant protection chemicals. We developed a cascade processing scheme, where these extractives were first extracted from the bark with hot water (HWE) or with hot water and alkaline alcohol (HWE+AAE) prior to their conversion into PAs by torrefaction. The herbicidal performance of PAs was tested using Brassica rapa as the test species, and the fungicidal performance was proven using Fusarium culmorum. The pesticidal activities were compared to those of the PAs of debarked wood and of commercial pesticides. According to the results, extractives can be separated from the bark without overtly diminishing the weed and fungal growth inhibitor performance of the produced PAs. The HWE of the bark before its conversion into PAs appeared to have an enhancing effect on the herbicidal activity. In contrast, HWE+AAE lowered the growth inhibition performance of PAs against both the weeds and fungi. This study shows that hybrid aspen is a viable feedstock for the production of herbicidal and fungicidal active chemicals, and it is possible to utilize biomass according to the cascading use principle.

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Clonal Variation in the Bark Chemical Properties of Hybrid Aspen: Potential for Added Value Chemicals

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Behaviour of Extractives in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Bark during Pile Storage

Behaviour of Extractives in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Bark during Pile Storage

How clonal differences and within-tree heterogeneity affect pore properties of hybrid aspen wood and biochar?

Pyroligneous Acids of Differently Pretreated Hybrid Aspen Biomass: Herbicide and Fungicide Performance

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