Clonal Lineages, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Fecal Samples of Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes)

Radhouani, Hajer; Igrejas, Gilberto; Carvalho, Cristiana; Pinto, Luís; Gonçalves, Alexandre; López, María José; Sargo, Roberto; Cardoso, Luı́s; Martinho, António; Rego, Vítor; Rodrigues, Rogério Oliveira; Torres, Carmén; Poeta, Patrícia

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-47.3.769

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In our study, the percentages of VRE isolates resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin were lower than those reported in birds from the Azores Archipelago (Silva et al ., ). Nevertheless, the genes conferring these resistances in our study were identical to those found in other European wildlife studies (Radimersky et al ., ; Radhouani et al ., ; Silva et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence in others countries was low (Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Serbia), while no VRE were detected in Spain or France. The prevalence of VRE in wild animals recently has been documented in Portugal, where VRE occurred in buzzards, red foxes, seagulls and in wild birds from the Azores Archipelago (Radhouani et al ., ,; ; Silva et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corvids and gulls feeding on garbage dumps in urbanized areas are frequently colonized with antibiotic‐resistant strains of Escherichia coli , and they are considered to be important reservoirs and vectors of these isolates in the environment (Literak et al ., ; Guenther et al ., ). Recent studies have shown that enterococci resistant to antimicrobials occur also in wild mammals and birds that are not directly affected by antibiotic treatment (Drobni et al ., ; Radimersky et al ., ; Radhouani et al ., ,; ; Silva et al ., ). Also one previous study detected VRE with vanA genotype in migrating gulls in Sweden (Sellin et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering throughout Europe

Oravcová

Ghosh

Zurek

et al. 2012

Environmental Microbiology

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This study's aims were to assess the prevalence of, and to characterize, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering in Europe during 2010/2011. Faeces samples were cultivated selectively for VRE and characterized. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to examine epidemiologic relationships of vanA-containing VRE. The vanA-carrying VRE were tested in vitro for mobility of vancomycin resistance traits. VRE were found in 62 (6%) of 1073 rook samples. Enterococcal species diversity comprised Enterococcus gallinarum (48 isolates), followed by E. faecium (9) and E. faecalis (5). Eight VRE harboured the vanA and ermB genes. Seven vanA-carrying VRE originated from the Czech Republic and one from Germany. All vanA-carrying VRE were identified as E. faecium. Based on MLST analysis, six vanA-positive isolates were grouped as ST92 type, one isolate belonged to ST121, and the remaining one was described as a novel type ST671. Seven out of eight isolates were able to transfer the vancomycin resistance trait via filter mating with a transfer rate of 8.95 ± 3.25 × 10(-7) transconjugants per donor. In conclusion, wintering rooks in some European countries may disseminate clinically important enterococci and pose a risk for environmental contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering throughout Europe

Oravcová

Ghosh

Zurek

et al. 2012

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Recent studies revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli (Gonçalves et al, 2012a,b) and VRE isolates (Gonçalves et al, 2011) in Iberian wolf and/or Iberian lynx. The incidence of ESBL- E. coli (Radhouani et al, 2012a) and VRE (Radhouani et al, 2011a) in red foxes may be due their diet as these wild animals usually hunt wild rabbits, small rodents and birds. It is important to point out that some studies reported the presence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates in wild rabbits (Figueiredo et al, 2009; Silva et al, 2010) and wild rodents (Kozak et al, 2009; Guenther et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Wildlife As Reservoirs Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of antimicrobial resistance in wildlife, environment and human health

Radhouani¹,

Silva²,

Poeta³

et al. 2014

Front. Microbiol.

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170

129

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Given the significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in antimicrobial resistance distribution and the factors that affect its evolution, dissemination, and persistence, it is important to highlight that antimicrobial resistance must be viewed as an ecological problem. Monitoring the resistance prevalence of indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and enterococci in wild animals makes it possible to show that wildlife has the potential to serve as an environmental reservoir and melting pot of bacterial resistance. These researchers address the issue of antimicrobial-resistant microorganism proliferation in the environment and the related potential human health and environmental impact.

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“…Virulence genes were not amplified in any enterococcal strains. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence genes has been demonstrated in enterococcal isolates from wild animals (25–28), although in our case, the Altiplano remains a remote region with scarce antibiotic exposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus species from gut microbiota of Chilean Altiplano camelids

Guerrero-Olmos

Báez

Valenzuela

et al. 2014

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Background Enterococcus is one of the major human pathogens able to acquire multiple antibiotic-resistant markers as well as virulence factors which also colonize remote ecosystems, including wild animals. In this work, we characterized the Enterococcus population colonizing the gut of Chilean Altiplano camelids without foreign human contact.Material and methodsRectal swabs from 40 llamas and 10 alpacas were seeded in M-Enterococcus agar, and we selected a total of 57 isolates. Species identification was performed by biochemical classical tests, semi-automated WIDER system, mass spectrometry analysis by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer), and, finally, nucleotide sequence of internal fragments of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, pheS, and aac(6)-I genes. Genetic diversity was measured by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-SmaI, whereas the antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the WIDER system. Carriage of virulence factors was explored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsOur results demonstrated that the most prevalent specie was Enterococcus hirae (82%), followed by other non–Enterococcus faecalis and non–Enterococcus faecium species. Some discrepancies were detected among the identification methods used, and the most reliable were the rpoB, pheS, and aac(6)-I nucleotide sequencing. Selected isolates exhibited susceptibility to almost all studied antibiotics, and virulence factors were not detected by PCR. Finally, some predominant clones were characterized by PFGE into a diverse genetic background.Conclusion Enterococcus species from the Chilean camelids’ gut microbiota were different from those adapted to humans, and they remained free of antibiotic resistance mechanisms as well as virulence factors.

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Clonal Lineages, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Fecal Samples of Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes)

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering throughout Europe

Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering throughout Europe

Potential impact of antimicrobial resistance in wildlife, environment and human health

Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus species from gut microbiota of Chilean Altiplano camelids

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