Clonal diversity in Giardia duodenalis isolates from Thailand: Evidences for intragenic recombination and purifying selection at the beta giardin locus

Kosuwin, Rattiporn; Putaporntip, Chaturong; Pattanawong, Urassaya; Jongwutiwes, Somchai

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.09.010

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Sequences HQ616630 and HQ616631 were equivalent to the sequences FJ890966 and FJ890967, isolated from a squirrel monkey and a ring-tailed lemur, both from The Netherlands. All the bg sequences obtained in this study showed 99-100% homology to sequences of human source from different countries (Thailand FJ971466, Egypt HM171690, New Zealand EU274393, and Nicaragua EF455593) (Lebbad et al 2008;Kosuwin et al 2010;Winkworth et al 2008).…”

Section: Assemblage Bmentioning

confidence: 64%

Occurrence and genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis from captive nonhuman primates by multi-locus sequence analysis

et al. 2011

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Giardia is the most common enteric protozoan that can be pathogenic to both humans and animals. Transmission can be direct through the faecal-oral route, or through ingestion of contaminated water or food. Genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis isolates has demonstrated the existence of seven groups (assemblages A to G) which differ in their host distribution. Assemblages A and B are present in humans and other primates, dogs, cats, rodents, and other species of wild mammals, but the role of the different host animals in the epidemiology of human infection remains unclear. With this preliminary data, we can infer that nonhuman primates (NHP) might be a potential reservoir for zoonotic transmission. This research paper discusses the presence of Giardia in nonhuman primates housed in two Spanish zoological gardens (located in Valencia and Madrid). Twenty faecal samples obtained from 16 different species of NHP were studied; 70% were positives to Giardia, and genetic analyses were performed by sequencing of four genes (SSrRNA, glutamate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, and beta-giardin). The assemblage A was the most frequent (63.4%) in the species studied. A sequence from a red ruffed lemur (corresponding to genotype AI) was obtained, and this is the first reported sequence of a gdh gene obtained from this species. The multi-locus sequence analysis was also performed on the samples positive to nested PCR belonging to assemblage B. After amplification using the GDHeF, GDHiF, and GDHiR gdh primers; AL3543, AL3546, AL3544, and AL3545 tpi primers; G7, G759, GBF, and GBR bg primers, amplicons of 432, 500, and 511 bp respectively were obtained. Amplification products were sequenced and the sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that genotype IV like was the most frequent in the samples belonging to this assemblage.

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Section: Assemblage Bmentioning

confidence: 64%

Occurrence and genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis from captive nonhuman primates by multi-locus sequence analysis

et al. 2011

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“…It has been demonstrated that mixed infections (different alleles per isolate) within a host can produce recombinant genotypes that comprise alleles inherited from each parental line [77, 78]. These recombinant events are associated to the high probability of finding new genotypes (S4 Fig).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hominis and G . intestinalis in developing countries [59, 78]. This is an important issue for public health risks because genetic recombination is a driving force for the emergence of virulent subtypes [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and global genetic diversity of protozoan parasites: Spatial distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes

et al. 2017

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Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are recognized as significant enteric diseases due to their long-term health effects in humans and their economic impact in agriculture and medical care. Molecular analysis is essential to identify species and genotypes causing these infectious diseases and provides a potential tool for monitoring. This study uses information on species and genetic variants to gain insights into the geographical distribution and spatial patterns of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites. Here, we describe the population heterogeneity of genotypic groups within Cryptosporidium and Giardia present in New Zealand using gp60 and gdh markers to compare the observed variation with other countries around the globe. Four species of Cryptosporidium (C. hominis, C. parvum, C. cuniculus and C. erinacei) and one species of Giardia (G. intestinalis) were identified. These species have been reported worldwide and there are not unique Cryptosporidium gp60 subtype families and Giardia gdh assemblages in New Zealand, most likely due to high gene flow of historical and current human activity (travel and trade) and persistence of large host population sizes. The global analysis revealed that genetic variants of these pathogens are widely distributed. However, genetic variation is underestimated by data biases (e.g. neglected submission of sequences to genetic databases) and low sampling. New genotypes are likely to be discovered as sampling efforts increase according to accumulation prediction analyses, especially for C. parvum. Our study highlights the need for greater sampling and archiving of genotypes globally to allow comparative analyses that help understand the population dynamics of these protozoan parasites. Overall our study represents a comprehensive overview for exploring local and global protozoan genotype diversity and advances our understanding of the importance for surveillance and potential risk associated with these infectious diseases. Author summaryInfectious diseases threaten the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock and human populations and contribute to significant economic impact in agriculture and medical Funding: This research was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.care. Cryptosporidium and Giardia are enteric protozoan pathogens that cause diarrhea and nutritional disorders on a global level. Using molecular analysis and a review framework we showed that species and genetic variants within genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia (including two species recently infecting humans) found in an island system are not different from other parts of the world. This similarity is likely due to high gene flow of historical and current human activity (travel and trade) and persistence of large host population sizes, such as cattle and people. We also show that, although species...

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“…The Tajima's D test on the gdh gene showed contrasting results to those obtained with the β-giardin gene of other studies. The β-giardin gene was likely to be under the effects of ongoing purifying selection [35] while the gdh gene was under neutral selection. This suggested that molecular adaptation of these two genes might be influenced by different pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal diversity of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene in Giardia duodenalisfrom Thai Isolates: evidence of genetic exchange or Mixed Infections?

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) is one of the most popular and useful genetic markers for the genotypic analysis of Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), the protozoan that widely causes enteric disease in humans. To determine the distribution of genotypes of G. duodenalis in Thai populations and to investigate the extent of sequence variation at this locus, 42 fecal samples were collected from 3 regions of Thailand i.e., Central, Northern, and Eastern regions. All specimens were analyzed using PCR-based genotyping and recombinant subcloning methods.ResultsThe results showed that the prevalence of assemblages A and B among these populations was approximately equal, 20 (47.6%) and 22 (52.4%), respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the nucleotide diversity of assemblage B was significantly greater than that in assemblage A. Among all assemblage B positive specimens, the allelic sequence divergence within isolates was detected. Nine isolates showed mixed alleles, ranged from three to nine distinct alleles per isolate. Statistical analysis demonstrated the occurrence of genetic recombination within subassemblages BIII and BIV was likely.ConclusionThis study supports increasing evidence that G. duodenalis has the potential for genetic exchange.

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Clonal diversity in Giardia duodenalis isolates from Thailand: Evidences for intragenic recombination and purifying selection at the beta giardin locus

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Occurrence and genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis from captive nonhuman primates by multi-locus sequence analysis

Occurrence and genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis from captive nonhuman primates by multi-locus sequence analysis

Local and global genetic diversity of protozoan parasites: Spatial distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes

Clonal diversity of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene in Giardia duodenalisfrom Thai Isolates: evidence of genetic exchange or Mixed Infections?

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