Clonal Clusters and Virulence Factors of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Evidence for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infiltration into Hospital Settings in Chennai, South India

Abimannan, Nagarajan; Sumathi, G; Krishnarajasekhar, O. R.; Sinha, Bhanu; Krishnan, Padma

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_271

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our study, we found higher rate of MRSA (50.7%) when compared to the previous multicenter studies from India [10,13]. On the contrary, some studies [12,18,19] have found an alarmingly high incidence of MRSA in India and around the world. MRSA prevalence in India and elsewhere, which ranged from 21% to 82%, may be due to regional differences in study design, sample population, antibiotic policies, and thus infection control steps.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…MRS have disseminated worldwide and still be among the foremost common hospital pathogens. The prevalence and characterization of MRSA and MR-CoNS in hospitals are reported from different parts of the Globe [3,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In the present study, 4-year data of staphylococci infections in cancer patients and prevalence of MRS and antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Prevalence in Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre – A Retrospective Study

Saravanan¹,

Tk²,

Szomstein³

et al. 2021

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MR-coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), as well as their antimicrobial resistance, in various samples from cancer patients in North Kerala. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer centre in North Kerala over a 4-year period from January 2016 to December 2019. During the study, data on all cultures from cancer patients was analyzed. This study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB). Non-duplicate isolates of staphylococci were included in the study obtained from various clinical specimens. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using automated methods. Results: During the period of 4 years (2016–2019), a total of 1176 isolates of staphylococci were analyzed, out of which 784 were S. aureus isolates (68%) and 392 (32%) isolates were CoNS. Among CoNS species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most common species of CoNS, representing 39% and 28% of the total CoNS identified. Overall prevalence of methicillin resistance in S. aureus and CoNS was found to be 50.7% and 55.6%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates showed higher resistance to multiple drugs than methicillin-sensitive staphylococci isolates. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MRS could also be a haul in cancer patients at North Kerala. A higher percentage of MR-CoNS isolates are multidrug resistant than MRSA isolates. Glycopeptides and linezolid still stay the mainstay for treatment for MRS infections.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Prevalence in Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre – A Retrospective Study

Saravanan¹,

Tk²,

Szomstein³

et al. 2021

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…This is in concordance with reports from India, Nigeria, Hungary, and Korea, wherein the MRSA isolates belonging to the different SCCmec types carried one or more virulence genes. 6,28,44,[48][49][50] In our study, one isolate that belonged to both the type I and III did not carry any of the virulence determinants. This may have harbored other virulence genes not included in the study protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Prevalence of SCCmec Types in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Center

2023

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Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a widely recognized multidrug-resistant bacteria presenting a major therapeutic challenge to clinicians. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a number of pathogenicity factors that attribute to the severity of infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the common virulence genes in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and to characterize the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types among MRSA in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods A total of 133 clinical isolates were included in this study. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was screened using cefoxitin disc; mecA and mecC genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was done to detect 12 virulence factors such as hla, hlb, fnbA, fnbB, sea, seb, sec, icaA, clfA, tst, pvl, and eta. SCCmec typing was done by multiplex PCR. Results Of the 133 clinical isolates, 54 (40.6%) were MRSA. The most common virulence gene detected was hlb (61.6%), hla (39%), and fnbA (37%). SCCmec type I was the most predominant. Mortality rate of 6.7% was observed among patients with staphylococcal infections. Univariate analysis of mortality associated virulence genes did not reveal any significant association between virulence genes and mortality. Conclusion The distribution of virulence genes is similar in both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA belongs to the SCCmec types I to IV. Possession of multiple virulence factors and multidrug resistance profile makes Staphylococcus aureus a formidable pathogen in clinical settings.

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“…Between 2016 and 2020, ESKAPE were the most isolated microorganisms in hospitals and were responsible for most HAIs with high virulence [ 4 , 6 ]. S. aureus is one of the main pathogens of both healthcare-associated and CA infections; because of their transmission routes, SCC mec typing, estimate prevalence, and antibiotic resistance, it is important to have a current epidemiological context [ 7 , 8 ]. MRSA infections have surged dramatically in the past 10–15 years and are increasingly becoming a major source of nosocomial infections that are associated with high morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

González-Vázquez,

Córdova-Espinoza,

Escamilla-Gutiérrez

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and others, except for Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA), are common in healthcare-associated infections. SOSA encompass largely coagulase-negative staphylococci, including coagulase-positive staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation is encoded by the icaADBC operon and is involved in virulence. mecA encodes an additional penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a, that avoids the arrival of β-lactams at the target, found in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This work aims to detect mecA, the bap gene, the icaADBC operon, and types of SCCmec associated to biofilm in MRSA and SOSA strains. A total of 46% (37/80) of the strains were S. aureus, 44% (35/80) S. epidermidis, 5% (4/80) S. haemolyticus, 2.5% (2/80) S. hominis, 1.25% (1/80) S. intermedius, and 1.25% (1/80) S. saprophyticus. A total of 85% were MR, of which 95.5% showed mecA and 86.7% β-lactamase producers; thus, Staphylococcus may have more than one resistance mechanism. Healthcare-associated infection strains codified type I-III genes of SCCmec; types IV and V were associated to community-acquired strains (CA). Type II prevailed in MRSA mecA strains and type II and III in MRSOSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus). The operon icaADBC was found in 24% of SA and 14% of SOSA; probably the arrangement of the operon, fork formation, and mutations influenced the variation. Methicillin resistance was mainly mediated by the mecA gene; however, there may be other mechanisms that also participate, since biofilm production is related to genes of the icaADBC operon and methicillin resistance was not associated with biofilm production. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen surveillance to prevent the spread of these outbreaks both in the nosocomial environment and in the community.

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Clonal Clusters and Virulence Factors of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Evidence for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infiltration into Hospital Settings in Chennai, South India

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Prevalence in Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre – A Retrospective Study

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Prevalence in Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre – A Retrospective Study

Spectrum of Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Prevalence of SCCmec Types in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Center

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

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