Clomiphene citrate increases nitric oxide, interleukin-10 and reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Sylus, Angel Mercy; Nandeesha, Hanumanthappa; Sridhar, Magadi Gopalakrishna; Chitra, Thyagaraju; Sreenivasulu, Karli

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.06.007

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…Plasma IL-10 was decreased in patients with PCOS syndrome [ 168 ]. However, Sylus et al noticed that clomiphene citrate regulates IL-10 and increases pregnancy and ovulation rates in women with PCOS symptoms [ 169 ].…”

Section: The Metabolic Perspective Of Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review

et al. 2023

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As a complex endocrine and metabolic condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects women’s reproductive health. These common symptoms include hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and infertility. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it yet. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and disruptions in secondary bile acid production appear to play a causative role in developing PCOS. PCOS pathophysiology and phenotypes are tightly related to both enteric and vaginal bacteria. Patients with PCOS exhibit changed microbiome compositions and decreased microbial diversity. Intestinal microorganisms also alter PCOS patient phenotypes by upregulating or downregulating hormone release, gut-brain mediators, and metabolite synthesis. The human body’s gut microbiota, also known as the “second genome,” can interact with the environment to improve metabolic and immunological function. Inflammation is connected to PCOS and may be caused by dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. This review sheds light on the recently discovered connections between gut microbiota and insulin resistance (IR) and the potential mechanisms of PCOS. This study also describes metabolomic studies to obtain a clear view of PCOS and ways to tackle it.

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Section: The Metabolic Perspective Of Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review

et al. 2023

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Association of metabolic and inflammatory markers with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): an update

Gnanadass

Prabhu

Gopalakrishnan

2021

Arch Gynecol Obstet

139

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A review of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in typical ovulatory women and in the pathogenesis of ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS

Awonuga,

Camp,

Abu-Soud

2023

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous functional endocrine disorder associated with a low-grade, chronic inflammatory state. Patients with PCOS present an increased risk of metabolic comorbidities and often menstrual dysregulation and infertility due to anovulation and/or poor oocyte quality. Multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are believed to be responsible for oocyte deterioration; however, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) insufficiency in oocyte quality and ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS is still a matter for debate. Higher production of superoxide (O2•−) mediated DNA damage and impaired antioxidant defense have been implicated as contributory factors for the development of PCOS, with reported alteration in superoxide dismutase (SOD) function, an imbalanced zinc/copper ratio, and increased catalase activity. These events may result in decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation with increased lipid peroxidation events. A decrease in NO, potentially due to increased activity of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and imbalance in the distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as decreased H2O2 and increased O2•−, may offset the physiological processes surrounding follicular development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation contributing to the reproductive dysfunction in patients with PCOS. Thus, this proposal aims to evaluate the specific roles of NO, oxidative stress, ROS, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic elements in the pathogenesis of PCOS ovarian dysfunction, including oligo- anovulation and oocyte quality, with the intent to inspire better application of therapeutic options. The authors believe more consideration into the specific roles of oxidative stress, ROS, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic elements may allow for a more thorough understanding of PCOS. Future efforts elaborating on the role of NO in the preoptic nucleus to determine its influence on GnRH firing and follicle-stimulating hormone/Luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) production with ovulation would be of benefit in PCOS. Consequently, treatment with an ADMA inhibitor or NO donor may prove beneficial to PCOS patients experiencing reproductive dysfunction and infertility.

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Clomiphene citrate increases nitric oxide, interleukin-10 and reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review

The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review

Association of metabolic and inflammatory markers with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): an update

A review of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in typical ovulatory women and in the pathogenesis of ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS

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