Clogging in subsurface-flow treatment wetlands: Occurrence and contributing factors

Knowles, Paul; Dotro, Gabriela; Nivala, Jaime; García, Joan

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.08.005

Cited by 299 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The highest thicknesses were observed in CWs cultivated with alligator weed. Some authors have shown the presence of this layer with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 30 cm (TANNER & SUKIAS, 1995;ALCABAR, 2010;KNOWLES et al, 2011). Much has been studied regarding the functions and benefits of plants in wastewater treatment: removal of nutrients, oxygen transfer to the substrate, support for the growth of biofilm of bacteria (rhizomes and roots), as well as improvement in substrate permeability (KADLEC & WALLACE, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, TANNER & SUKIAS (1995) found higher rates of organic matter accumulation in cultivated HSSF-CWs when compared to those non-cultivated. KNOWLES et al (2011) stated that the biodegradability of organic matter accumulated in CWs is responsible for predicting its impact on clogging. Initially, organic matter was thought to decompose sufficiently rapidly so that only inorganic solids would contribute to system clogging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Material amount and composition vary with the specificities of each system (configurations), management, wastewater characteristics, and environmental conditions to which CWs undergo. According to KADLEC & WALLACE (2008), COOPER (2010, KNOWLES et al (2011), andPAOLI &VON SPERLING (2013), the main contributing mechanisms to filter medium clogging are organic and inorganic solid accumulations on CW surface, deposition of chemical precipitates, biofilm growth, besides plant root and rhizome development on the porous material bed. Suymara T. Miranda, Antonio T. Matos, Mateus P. Matos, et al Eng.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Clogging Material From Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems

Miranda

Matos

et al. 2017

Eng. Agríc.

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This study aimed to characterize the material composition responsible for clogging the porous medium of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) systems, which is detrimental to a proper system operation. Six completely clogged HSSF-CWs were used after treatment of swine wastewater. Operating conditions of these systems were named CW-C (HSSF-CW 1 and HSSF-CW 4, non-cultivated, i.e. controls), CW-T (HSSF-CW 2 and HSSF-CW 5, cultivated with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.)), and CW-A (HSSF-CW 3 and HSSF-CW 6, cultivated with alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)). The results showed that most of the clogging material was composed of total fixed solids (95, 84, and 82% in CW-C, CW-T, and CW-A, respectively). However, total volatile solids (TVS) mostly affected pore clogging. The larger accumulations and productions of TVS in CWs might have originated from dead plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Clogging Material From Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems

Miranda

Matos

et al. 2017

Eng. Agríc.

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“…Illustrations of the efficacy of the technology have also been presented at full-scale in terms of the treatment of landfill leachate [13], industrial wastewater [14], and tertiary treatment of municipal sewage [2]. In the latter, hydraulic loading rates are considerably higher than those utilised elsewhere with typical rates of 0.2-0.9 m/d reported in the UK [15] compared to 0.001-0.049 m/d for the sites treating industrial wastewaters [14]. Ammonia concentrations feeding the tertiary beds can reach as high as 40 mgNH 4 + -N/L on sites that previously had no requirement to remove ammonia and, as such, ammonia-loading rates can significantly exceed those previously considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Four Full-Scale Artificially Aerated Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Butterworth

Richards

Jones

et al. 2016

Water

Self Cite

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A comparison of the performance of four full-scale aerated horizontal flow constructed wetlands was conducted to determine the efficacy of the technology on sites receiving high and variable ammonia loading rates not yet reported in the literature. Performance was assessed in terms of ammonia and solids removal, hydraulic conductivity and mixing patterns. The capability of systems to produce ammonium effluent concentrations <3 mgNH 4 + -N/L was observed across all sites in systems receiving variable loadings between 0.1 and 13.0 gNH 4 + -N/m 2 /d. Potential resilience issues were observed in relation to response to spike loadings posited to be due to an insufficient nitrifying population within the beds. Hydraulic conductivity and flow mixing patterns observed suggested deterioration of the reactor effective volume over time. Overall, the study demonstrates the efficacy of the technology where ammonium removal is required on small sites receiving high and variable flow rates, with adequate removal of organics and solids, but no significant benefit to the long term hydraulics of the system.

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“…Clogging of filter media due to the biological process is a longterm phenomenon (Knowles et al 2011) which is not considered in the present model, as the scope of the model is to simulate dynamic profiles of pollutants in short time scales. However, various mechanistic models for simulating the clogging behavior (for example Hyánková et al 2006;Hua et al 2010) have achieved mixed degrees of success (Nivala et al 2012) and they are still in the development stage.…”

Section: Pollutant Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands using OpenFOAM®

Kadaverugu

2016

Model. Earth Syst. Environ.

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Natural purification of pollutants is one of the major ecosystem services provided by wetlands. The phenomenon of natural treatment is exploited by constructing artificial wetlands for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Various wetland models developed in the recent past range from simplistic regression analysis to highly complex deterministic systems. However, these models doesn't suit to the moderate requirements of environmental practitioners for designing appropriate wetland systems. The present model simulates the dynamic behavior of sub-surface horizontal flow wetland systems by considering the non-linear hydrodynamics and pollutant transport, developed in an open source computational fluid dynamics environment-OpenFOAM Ò . The non-linear movement of wastewater in porous media is coupled with the advectiondispersion-decay multi-physics phenomenon of pollutant with temperature dependent rate kinetics. Sensitivity analysis of the model showed that, van Genuchten's filter media shape parameters a, n, and decay constant k influences the treatment efficiency of wetlands. Further, the model is useful in visualizing the spatio-temporal profiles of pollutants and hydrodynamics which eventually guide the environmental practitioners in better design of treatment wetland systems.

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Clogging in subsurface-flow treatment wetlands: Occurrence and contributing factors

Cited by 299 publications

References 100 publications

Characterization of Clogging Material From Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems

Characterization of Clogging Material From Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems

Performance of Four Full-Scale Artificially Aerated Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Modeling of subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands using OpenFOAM®

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