Clock Drawing in Schizophrenia

Abstract

The Clock Drawing Test, a task sensitive to cognitive decline in neurological groups, was administered to 27 patients with schizophrenia. Clock drawings were scored for over-all global performance and the frequency of specific qualitative errors. Mean global performance scores indicated a small proportion of the sample was below the threshold typically used to identify dementia, and the patients displayed qualitative Clock Drawing deficits not fully represented in the global performance measure. Qualitative analyses indicated that size errors, graphic difficulty, and spatial planning problems were most common. Lastly, duration of illness was not related to global performance, suggesting that the latter might not reflect deterioration but the stable trajectory of impairment that may be constant through the schizophrenia illness.

Repetitive and Stereotypic Phenomena and Dementia

“…The RBs are described in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, and they are a common feature of a number of other neurodevelopmental disorders (eg, Rett, Fragile X, and Prader–Willi syndromes). Moreover, RBs are also part of the phenotype of other central nervous system disorders including obsessive–compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 8–11…”

Relationship between clock drawing test performance and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease: A single photon emission computed tomography study

“…The clock drawing test (CDT) is widely used to assess the cognitive function of patients with various neurologic 5,6 and psychiatric 7–10 disorders. The CDT requires the subjects to draw a clock with the numerical letters and hands indicating a specific time.…”

Impaired neural circuitry of hippocampus in Pax2 nervous system‐specific knockout mice leads to restricted repetitive behaviors

“…RRBs are strongly associated with many neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Prader–Willi syndrome. Meanwhile, RRBs also share the phenotype of other central nervous system disorders, including obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) 4,5 . Current studies strongly suggest that both environmental factors and genetic risk factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RRBs 1,3,6 .…”

“…Meanwhile, RRBs also share the phenotype of other central nervous system disorders, including obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 , 5 Current studies strongly suggest that both environmental factors and genetic risk factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RRBs. 1 , 3 , 6 Many mouse models of RRBs also show alterations in synaptic function and structure, excitation–inhibition balance and neuroinflammation, all of which are biological processes involved in the occurrence of RRBs.…”