Clitoral keloids after female genital mutilation/cutting

Birge, Özer; Akbaş, Murat; Ozbey, Ertugrul Gazi; Adıyeke, Mehmet

doi:10.4274/tjod.32067

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The scientific evidence on the effect of defibulation and removal of cysts is also limited, even if the facilitation of sexual intercourse, pregnancy, childbirth, voiding, and menstruation with defibulation or removal of large cysts is obvious [ 10 ••]. Formation of keloids is a known complication after FGM/C, and a short-term (12 months) follow-up study of keloid excision has shown good results [ 34 ]. However, keloids tend to be recurrent [ 38 ]; thus, long-term follow-up studies are warranted, as are follow-up studies on keloid formation after clitoral reconstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

Sigurjónsson

Jordal

2018

Curr Sex Health Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of the ReviewThe aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent evidence on clitoral reconstruction and other relevant reconstructive plastic surgery measures after female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C).Recent FindingsRecent publications present refinements and modifications of the surgical technique of clitoral reconstruction along with reconstruction of the labia majora and clitoral hood. Novel approaches with reposition of the clitoral nerve, anchoring of the labia majora, fat grafting, and full thickness mucosa grafts have been introduced. The current evidence on outcomes of clitoral reconstruction shows potential benefits. However, there is a risk of postoperative complications and a negative outcome. Experts in the field advocate for a multidisciplinary approach including psychosexual counseling and health education with or without subsequent clitoral reconstructive surgery.SummaryThe evolution of reconstructive treatment for women with FGM/C is expanding, however at a slow rate. The scarcity of evidence on clitoral reconstruction halters availability of clinical guidelines and consensus regarding best practice. Clitoral reconstruction should be provided by multidisciplinary referral centers in a research setting with long-term follow-up on outcomes of postoperative morbidity and possible benefits.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors describe clitoral masses of 27 women operated upon. Pathology confirmed all excised masses as keloids and no short-term recurrences (after 1 year) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Clitoral Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

Sigurjónsson

Jordal

2018

Curr Sex Health Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Twenty-six out of the 78 non-population-based studies reported on FGM/C types. In nine studies each, Type I 82,85-92 and Type II 86,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99] were the most common and in two studies each, Type III 64,100 and IV 76,101 were the most common (S6 Appendix, S10 Table ).…”

Section: Nationally Representative Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of national, regional, facility and school-based studies

Farouki

El-Dirani

Abdulrahim

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a non-medical procedure entailing the modification of the external female genitalia. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to end FGM/C by 2030. This systematic review aimed to examine FGM/C prevalence and types, by World Health Organization (WHO) region and country. Methods and Findings: A systematic search using MeSH headings and keywords from inception to March 2, 2020 was undertaken in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies presenting FGM/C prevalence. Abstract and full-text screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers. Only nationally representative studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled FGM/C prevalence was estimated by meta-analysis using random effects models. FGM/C prevalence and types were presented separately by women aged 15-49 and girls aged 0-14. 3,205 articles were identified. 135 met the inclusion criteria and 28 were included in the meta-analysis. Across 27 countries, the pooled prevalence estimate of FGM/C in women aged 15-49 was 40% (95% CI: 26-55%; I2 =100%), and 15% (95% CI: 10-21%; I2 =100%) in girls aged 0-14 across 34 countries. The country with the highest FGM/C prevalence in women was Guinea (97%) and the lowest, Uganda (0.3%). The highest prevalence in girls was in Mali (77%), and the lowest in Ghana (0%). The most common category of FGM/C was flesh removed at 69% (women) and 70% (girls). Limitations include that studies had heterogeneous terminology and relied on recall. Conclusions: There is large variation in FGM/C prevalence, and the lower prevalence in the current generation of girls is encouraging. However, considerable policy and community-level interventions are required to meet the SDG. Future research should consider collecting data on the 15-19 age group in order to accurately assess generational differences in FGM prevalence. The study protocol is available: https://osf.io/ema9j/.

show abstract

Discerning Deinfibulation: Impact of Personal, Professional, and Familial Influences on Decision-Making

Connor,

Abdikeir,

Chaisson

et al. 2024

Qual Health Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The past decades have seen large numbers of Somali women migrate across the globe. It is critical for healthcare workers in host countries to understand healthcare needs of Somali women. The majority of Somali female migrants experience female genital cutting (FGC). The most common type in Somalia is Type 3 or infibulation, the narrowing of the vaginal introitus. Deinfibulation opens the introitus to reduce poor health outcomes and/or allow for vaginal births. In this study, we explored the perspectives of Somali women living in the United States about deinfibulation. We recruited 75 Somali women who had experienced FGC through community-based participatory research methods. Bilingual community researchers conducted qualitative interviews in Somali or English. University faculty and community-based researchers coded data together in a participatory-analysis process. We identified four themes. (1) Personal Views: participants reported positive attitudes toward deinfibulation and varied on the appropriateness of deinfibulation before marriage. (2) Benefits: identified benefits included alleviation of health problems; improved sexual health, in particular reduction or prevention of sexual pain; and reclamation of body and womanhood. (3) Barriers: these included associated stigma and lack of knowledge by providers. (4) Decision-Making: most reported that husbands, healthcare providers, and elder female community members may provide advice about if and/or when to seek deinfibulation, though some felt deinfibulation decisions are solely up to the impacted woman. An ecological framework is used to frame the findings and identify the importance of healthcare workers in assisting women who have been infibulated make decisions.

show abstract

Clitoral keloids after female genital mutilation/cutting

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

The global prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of national, regional, facility and school-based studies

Discerning Deinfibulation: Impact of Personal, Professional, and Familial Influences on Decision-Making

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About