Cliometric Approaches to International Trade

When Britain Turned Inward: The Impact of Interwar British Protection

“…What We Do.-Previous papers have thus related aggregate trade flows (either country-specific total imports and exports, or bilateral trade flows) to average measures of protection, notably the average tariff, 8 or to dummy variables indicating whether both countries were members of the same trade bloc. However, tariffs varied greatly across commodities during this period, while quotas became extremely important during the 1930s, and by definition were applied to imports of particular commodities.…”

“…We are not interested in these other trade costs, since we are holding them fixed in our analysis, and focusing instead on variations in trade-policy-related trade costs τ gct . We follow Baier, Kerr, and Yotov (2018) and work with (8)…”

“…They use the same aggregate trade data asEichengreen and Irwin (1995) 8. For a critique of this measure, seeAnderson and Neary (1996) 9.…”

Temporary Protection and Technology Adoption: Evidence from the Napoleonic Blockade

“…However, the stark asymmetry of naval power between Britain and France meant that traditional blockade of British ports by the French navy was militarily infeasible. 12 In contrast however, Napoleon was increasingly successful in exerting his direct or indirect influence over most of the Continent. 13 In this way, though Napoleon could not blockade British ports, he could use his land-based power to do the next best thing, which was to attempt to stop British goods from entering the Continent.…”