Clinoptilolite, paragenesis and stratigraphy

Nathan, Y.; Flexer, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1977.tb01919.x

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1). This mineral is also widely represented in Late Cretaceous-early Paleogene sediments of the world ocean (Nathan and Flexer, 1977) and is mainly the product of chemical sedimentation or early diagenesis of biogenic silica.…”

Section: Early Paleocene and Transition To Late Paleocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironmental History of the Walvis Ridge at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition, from Mineralogical and Geochemical Investigations

Chamley¹,

Maillot²,

Duee³

et al. 1984

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Detailed studies on clay mineralogy and inorganic geochemistry performed on late Campanian to late Paleocene sediments of DSDP Sites 525, 527, 528, and 529 provide paleoenvironmental information about the CretaceousTertiary transition in the Walvis Ridge area. They suggest (1) the existence of an average hot and humidity-contrasted climate on adjacent land masses, favoring the development of coastal areas with poorly drained soils (smectites) and the formation during the Paleocene of peri-marine confined basins (palygorskite); (2) the importance during the Late Cretaceous of local volcanic supply at the shallowest site (525), of distant terrigenous supply at the deepest site (527), and western migration of the spreading center; (3) the occurrence during the late Maestrichtian of three tectonic phases on the African margin, suggested by a strong illite supply and attributed to a major stage of seafloor spreading; and (4) a marked change in the mineralogy at the Maestrichtian/Paleocene boundary (smectite increase), indicative of tectonic relaxation and possibly local volcanic activity, preceding the subsidence of the Walvis Ridge and the development of deep-water circulation.

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Section: Early Paleocene and Transition To Late Paleocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironmental History of the Walvis Ridge at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition, from Mineralogical and Geochemical Investigations

Chamley¹,

Maillot²,

Duee³

et al. 1984

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…In contrast, a relationship between clinoptilolite formation and biogenic silica diagenesis was suggested by several authors investigating sediments from the Atlantic regions (e.g., Berger and von Rad, 1972;Nathan and Flexer, 1977;Riech and von Rad, 1979;Fenner, 1981;Thein and von Rad, 1987). In the Leg 115 sediments investigated here, a negative correlation of biogenic silica (opal-A) and clinoptilolite is clearly recorded at all sites (Figs.…”

Section: Clinoptilolitementioning

confidence: 49%

Carbonate-Free Sediment Components and Aspects of Silica Diagenesis at Sites 707, 709, and 711(Leg 115, Western Indian Ocean)

Hempel¹,

Bohrmann²

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 115 Scientific Results

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From the equatorial Indian Ocean, carbonate-free portions of sediment samples of Paleocene to Miocene calcareous oozes and chalks from Sites 707, 709, and 711 were studied using X-ray diffraction measurements and the scanning electron microscope. Downhole variations in biogenic opal, quartz, barite, and clinoptilolite were investigated. The abundance patterns of these major mineral phases show several similarities and may be used for additional lithologic correlations.Variations in biogenic opal contents reflect biogenic silica productivity. Beside the general pattern, a succession in biogenic silica decrease through time is generally recorded since the Oligocene. This succession started earliest at northernmost Site 711 and latest at southernmost Site 707, including Site 709 within these two. Opal-A variations as well as the barite distribution may be influenced by the paleoposition of the sites in relation to the high-productivity zone, which today lies south of the equator. Authigenic clinoptilolite apparently formed in two different modes. In deeper sediment intervals, clinoptilolite was the last mineral phase formed associated with enhanced silica diagenesis. In late Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments, clinoptilolite was the only authigenic silica phase encountered where otherwise strong opal dissolution was observed. The sponge spicules showed special dissolution features probably related to microbiological activity. Silica concretions mainly composed of opal-CT and authigenic quartz occur in carbonate-rich environments and are formed during later diagenesis when burial depth causes the sediments to reach higher temperatures. Opal-CT concretions in carbonate-free siliceous oozes were found at Site 711 and are probably formed during an early stage of silica diagenesis.

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“…The increase in silica input during such times would presumably favor the formation of authigenic clinoptilolite. Nathan and Flexer (1977) also suggest that clinoptilolite is an indicator of salinity fluctuations, the lower magnesium content of less saline water favoring clinoptilolite formation. Could clinoptilolite abundance fluctuations serve as an indicator of bottom-water conditions?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate-related effects are perhaps documented in the middle Miocene dissolution pulse at Site 518 and in the Eocene-Oligocene unconformity at Site 515; both events were related to intensification of northward AABW flow through the Vema Channel. Clinoptiloliterich muds at Site 515 may also serve as secondary indicators of climate, because this zeolite might be related to the increased importance of chemical weathering during intervals of relatively warm climates such as the Eocene (Nathan and Flexer, 1977). The increase in silica input during such times would presumably favor the formation of authigenic clinoptilolite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Mineralogical Analyses

Coulbourn¹

1983

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 72

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Sites 515 to 518 were continuously cored during Leg 72. Sediment mineralogy determined from visual examination of core sections, microscopic inspection of smear slides, and interpretation of X-ray diffractograms made from 436 bulk samples from those sites reveal aspects of the Coniacian to Recent regional history of sedimentation in the Brazil Basin and on the Rio Grande Rise.Drilling in the Brazil Basin at Site 515 penetrated Recent to Oligocene terrigenous and biogenic siliceous muds, and limey Eocene muds. Quartz occurs throughout; illite is dominant in the Quaternary and Pliocene and montmorillonite in the Miocene and Oligocene muds. Kaolinite is common in the Quaternary and Pliocene sediments, the whole of which are punctuated by carbonate-rich laminations and beds. Phülipsite is common in the Oligocene to Recent sediments, and clinoptilolite dominates the Eocene calcitic muds. A pronounced lag deposit in 515B-55.CC marks an unconformity that separates multicolored, extensively bioturbated lower Eocene sediments from overlying upper Oligocene siliceous mudstones.The lithologic section at Site 516 on the Rio Grande Rise is dominantly carbonate with a succession of dominant clay components: illite in the Recent to Oligocene pelagic carbonate ooze and chalk; montmorillonite in the Eocene volcanogenie limestone; illite again in the Paleocene to lower Maestrichtian flaser limestone; kaolinite in the Campanian and Santonian limestone and marly limestone; montmorillonite again in the Coniacian /noceromus-bearing limestone. Important diagenetic events are the chertification of the Eocene deposits and dolomitization of the Paleocene and Cretaceous deep-water limestones.The shallow penetration hydraulic piston cores from Sites 517 and 518, located on the western flank of the Rio Grande Rise, are dominantly carbonates. An illite-rich bed in the middle Miocene sediments of Site 518 records a time of intense dissolution, perhaps an episode of abundant northward flow of Antarctic Bottom Water.

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Clinoptilolite, paragenesis and stratigraphy

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Paleoenvironmental History of the Walvis Ridge at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition, from Mineralogical and Geochemical Investigations

Paleoenvironmental History of the Walvis Ridge at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition, from Mineralogical and Geochemical Investigations

Carbonate-Free Sediment Components and Aspects of Silica Diagenesis at Sites 707, 709, and 711(Leg 115, Western Indian Ocean)

X-Ray Mineralogical Analyses

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