Clinics in diagnostic imaging (205)

Ong, Chern Yue Glen; Chin, Teck Yew

doi:10.11622/smedj.2020055

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Depending on the patient’s innervation anatomy, muscle edema in the presence of Baxter’s nerve impingement will occur mostly in the ADM muscle and maybe in the FDB and QP as well. While in the setting of chronic Baxter’s nerve impingement, denervated muscle will eventually undergo atrophy, and subsequent irreversible fatty infiltration, for which the fat-sensitive sequences of MRI, such as T1-weighted imaging, remain the gold diagnostic standard [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plantar Fasciitis with Chronic Baxter’s Neuropathy Causing Hindfoot Pain – A Case Report

Kaur,

Tiwari,

Bansal

2024

jocr

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Introduction: The main differentials of non-traumatic heel pain are plantar fasciitis (PF), plantar heel fat pad atrophy, worn-out footwear, especially asymmetric wear and tear, hyperuricemia, corns, callosities, tumors of the calcaneum, osteomyelitis, calcaneal stress fractures due to overweight or unaccustomed over usage, radiating pain from S1 nerve root compression, and seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Compression of the tibial nerve or the medial calcaneal nerve at or around the flexor retinaculum is the other possibility. In this case report, we want to highlight a sparsely known pathology, caused due to the entrapment of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve or inferior calcaneal nerve, also known as Baxter’s nerve that may present independently or accompany the common PF. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications or injections of local steroids are typically used for conservative management. However, hydro-dissection or surgical release may be needed in non-responsive cases. Case Report: We present the case of a 57-year-old female with complaints of chronic pain and tenderness in the middle of the heel radiating laterally. She underwent magnetic resonance imaging that revealed chronic denervation changes in the form of marked atrophy and near complete fatty replacement of abductor digiti minimi muscle suggesting chronic Baxter neuropathy. A mildly thickened and hyperintense plantar fascia adjacent to the calcaneal spur and significant heel fat pad edema were seen too. The patient responded well to a local steroid injection and remains pain-free at the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: When heel pain is present, Baxter’s nerve impingement presents as a challenging clinical diagnosis that may accompany the common PF and is often overlooked. MRI can be used to assess the denervation effects of both the acute and chronic stages of Baxter’s nerve impingement by identifying abnormalities of the abductor digiti minimi muscle belly. Keywords: Baxter neuropathy, inferior calcaneal nerve, abductor digiti minimi, plantar fasciitis, heel pain, case report.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plantar Fasciitis with Chronic Baxter’s Neuropathy Causing Hindfoot Pain – A Case Report

Kaur,

Tiwari,

Bansal

2024

jocr

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“…The inferior calcaneal nerve is located on the bottom surface of the foot and can be affected by obesity, flat feet, plantar fasciitis, muscular enlargement, foot hyperpronation, or a calcaneal spur. This condition is normally diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [6]. If the calcaneal spur is causing nerve compression, then the treatment plan may vary to address the nerve compression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plantar Fasciitis With a Calcaneal Spur

Sajja,

Elahi,

Ganti

2023

Cureus

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This study presents the case of a 47-year-old male with right foot plantar fasciitis and a calcaneal spur. Chronic heel pain can be caused by several medical conditions, including plantar fasciitis and a calcaneal spur, which often may be overlooked on initial evaluation. The risk factors, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and emergency department management of plantar fasciitis with a calcaneal spur are reported and discussed.

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“…According to previous studies, chronic heel pain syndrome affects 11–15% of the population (Moroni et al, 2019). Although patients with heel pain usually receive conservative treatment, it is crucial to consider Baxter's neuropathy in cases of medically recalcitrant pain (Ong & Chin, 2020). Baxter's neuropathy might be the most common cause of neurological origin among the many etiologies of heel pain syndrome (Moroni et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baxter's neuropathy, also known as compressive inferior calcaneal neuropathy, or first branch of the lateral plantar nerve neuropathy, has been implicated in up to 20% of cases of chronic heel pain (Presley et al, 2013). However, Baxter's neuropathy is easily overlooked because it manifests similarly to other podiatric diseases, such as plantar fasciitis (Ong & Chin, 2020). Although fatty atrophy of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle is strongly related to neuropathies of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve, difficulty in detecting weaknesses of the ADM contributes to clinical underestimation of the prevalence of Baxter's neuropathy (Rodrigues et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel, user‐friendly landmarks for localizing Baxter's nerve: A cadaveric study

et al. 2021

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Introduction Identification of Baxter's nerve (BN) has proven challenging for less experienced practitioners using ultrasonography due to a lack of adequate landmarks. This study aimed to establish novel, user‐friendly anatomical landmarks and to describe useful structures to localize BN. Materials and Methods We examined 10 fresh cadaveric feet and identified the interobserver agreement of measuring three surface landmarks: the most medially protruded point on the medial malleolus (P), the navicular tuberosity (Q), and the center of the calcaneus (B). Next, 24 fresh cadaveric feet were used to identify the point of BN entry into the quadratus plantae (QP) muscle, which corresponds to the proximal BN impingement site. The rectangular coordinate system consisted of the origin (point P), X‐axis, extension line P–Q, and Y‐axis (the perpendicular line to the X‐axis). To consider various foot sizes, the X and Y values were divided by the P–Q length and were designated as the ratios X and Y. Results Points P and Q showed smaller interobserver differences than that of point B. Ratios X and Y were 61.25 and 99.80%, respectively, for the QP. BN arose from the lateral plantar nerve in 20 of 24 specimens. The adjacent vessel was <3 mm from the entrapment site of BN in 20 of 24 specimens. Conclusion New landmarks will improve the precision of localizing the entrapment site of BN and will provide advanced guidelines for podiatric patients.

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Clinics in diagnostic imaging (205)

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Plantar Fasciitis with Chronic Baxter’s Neuropathy Causing Hindfoot Pain – A Case Report

Plantar Fasciitis with Chronic Baxter’s Neuropathy Causing Hindfoot Pain – A Case Report

Plantar Fasciitis With a Calcaneal Spur

Novel, user‐friendly landmarks for localizing Baxter's nerve: A cadaveric study

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