Clinicophysiological, Ultrasonographic and Histopathological Evaluation of 30 Cases in Cattle Suffering from Small Bowel Intussusception

Mann, Jagdeep Singh; Kumar, Ashok; Bharadwaj, Hansraj; Nashiruddullah, Nawab

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.075

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The anamnesis and clinical signs were similar to those described by other authors in both calves and adult cattle [13,14,17,19,21,22]. Signs of colic were not observed as described in other cases, however it should be considered that the animal was referred to veterinary care only three days after the onset of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The cross-sectional image of the small bowel segment, similar to multiple concentric rings ("onion rings", "target pattern", or "bull's eye") was also described, as the main finding, both by the transabdominal [21,25] and transrectal technique [14,17], in studies that reported cases of intussusception in cattle in other countries. The variation in the echogenicity of the rings corresponds to the degree of edema in the intestinal wall, due to the circulatory impairment of the affected segment [5,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The dehydration observed may be a consequence of the accumulation of gastrointestinal secretions in the lumen of the intestine, associated with the inability of intestinal absorption due to inflammatory wall changes, as well as the reduction or absence of water intake by the animal. The increase in heart and respiratory rates were consequent to pain and circulatory alterations resulting from the intestinal injury [2,9, 17,22]. The accumulation of fluid and gas in the small intestine and rumen promotes distension of these organs and, consequently, of the abdomen, in addition to inhibiting gastrointestinal motility [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Ileal Intussusception in Calf

Ribeiro

Souto

Silva

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Intussusception, characterized by invagination of an intestinal segment into the lumen of the adjacent segment, is one of the main causes of intestinal obstruction in cattle, and occurs more frequently in calves. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the history, clinical examination, and complementary exams, which are a challenge in this species, especially in calves, in which transrectal palpation is limited. As it is a non-invasive, effective, and low-cost test, ultrasonography could be an important tool in the diagnosis of intestinal obstructions, in which time is essential for the prognosis. Therefore, the objective was to report a case of intussusception in a calf diagnosed by ultrasound.Case: A 4-month-old calf, weaned at 3 months and raised intensively, was treated at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE), with a history of apathy, anorexia, and dyschezia for 3 days. On physical examination, fever, moderate dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea with polypnea, bilaterally bulging abdomen, sound of fluid on ballottement, ruminal and intestinal hypomotility, and melena were observed. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia (degenerate neutrophils), hypoproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The analysis of the ruminal fluid showed compromised microbiota and increased chloride content. The transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated, in the right ventral region, hypermotile and full small bowel loops and an increase in the volume of the peritoneal fluid. In addition, there was a segment of the small intestine which, in cross-section, showed multiple concentric rings (“onion rings”, “target pattern”, or “bull’s eye”) and adherence to adjacent loops, compatible with intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Due to the seriousness of the clinical condition and the ultrasound findings, the animal was euthanized and the necropsy revealed focal fibrinous peritonitis and intestinal obstruction due to intussusception in ileum intestinal segments.Discussion: Intussusception has previously been reported in calves, however this is the first report of ultrasound diagnosis of the disease in Brazil. Although the etiology is rarely confirmed, the age group and recent changes in diet (weaning) were predisposing factors. The history, clinical signs, and laboratory tests were similar to those described in cattle with intussusception, however they may be present in other gastrointestinal illnesses. Other authors have also reported that the nonspecificity of the signs and the impossibility of performing transrectal palpation made it difficult to diagnose intestinal obstruction in calves without the use of other diagnostic tools. As it is a non-invasive and accurate technique, ultrasound has been used in ruminants for diagnostic purposes, including intestinal obstructions. In the present case, the main findings are described as the presence of a lesion with the appearance of multiple concentric rings, hypermotile, dilated, and full intestinal loops. The pathological findings were compatible with the ultrasound images and similar to those described by other authors, confirming the diagnosis. The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in cattle should be expanded, aiming at the early determination of diagnosis and prognosis, to reduce producer costs and animal discomfort. In cases of intussusception, late diagnosis makes treatment unfeasible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%