Clinicopathological study of thyroid swellings and it’s correlation with ultrasonography

Abstract

Background: Thyroid diseases are common and comprise a spectrum of entities. After diabetes mellitus, the thyroid gland is the most common gland to cause endocrine disorder. Lesions of thyroid are predominantly confined to female in the ratio 5:1 to male. Thyroid enlargement is the most common sign, it may be diffuse or generalized or localized. Both benign and malignant lesions of thyroid commonly present with a nodule. Prevalence of thyroid nodule ranges from 0.2% to 1.2% in children and from 4-10% in general adult population. Presently due to common use of ultra-sonography in the clinical practice the incidence of thyroid nodule has risen to 14-50%.Methods: A prospective, observational, single hospital base study done during the period from 2018 to 2020 in the Department of Surgery, Gandhi medical college Bhopal. Sample size was taken 60 patients.Results: In this study as patients present with thyroid enlargement and ulrasonography scoring according to TIRAD score, as TIRAD score is increased possibility of malignancy increased. On the basis of ultrasonography of thyroid to detect the malignancy sensitivity is 88.9% and specificity is 98%.Conclusions: Commonest clinical presentation is multinodular goitre is about 53% and ultrasonography scoring is TIRAD-2 and TIRAD-3 which was consistent with nodular hyperplasia. Second commonest clinical presentation is colloid goitre (31%) and ultrasonography score is TIRAD-2 and TIRAD-3. On the basis of ultrasonography TIRAD-4 and TIRAD-5 are about 13.4% and these findings consistent with Neoplastic thyroid swelling in histopathology.