Clinicopathological Characteristics of Male Breast Cancer

Park, Seho; Kim, Joo Hee; Koo, Ja Seung; Park, Byeong Woo; Lee, Kyong Sik

doi:10.3349/ymj.2008.49.6.978

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While some investigators explain this with a more aggressive biologic behavior of male breast cancer, the more common explanation is the rareness of male breast cancer resulting in diagnosis at a more advanced stage and non-standard therapy compared to women with breast carcinoma. However, recent studies report that if male breast cancer patients are matched for prognostic factors such as age and TNM stage, the clinical outcome is similar [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Analysis of 87 Male Breast Cancer Cases

Liu¹,

Tong²,

He³

et al. 2011

Breast Care

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Keywords Male breast cancer · Clinical characteristics · Therapy · Prognosis Summary Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy methods, and prognosis of male breast cancer. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics, recurrence or metastasis, and survival information of 87 male breast cancer patients. Statistical analysis included the Kaplan-Meier method to analyze survivals, log-rank to compare curves between groups, and Cox regression for multivariate prognostic analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 5-year disease free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 66.3 and 77.0%, respectively. Monofactorial analysis showed tumor size, stage, lymph node involvement, and adjuvant chemotherapy to be prognostic factors with regard to 5-year DFS and 5-year OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed tumor size, stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy to be independent prognostic factors with regard to 5-year DFS and 5-year OS. Conclusion: Male breast cancer has a lower incidence rate and poor prognosis. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the main pathologic type. Operation-based combined therapy is the standard care for these patients. Tumor size, stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors. More emphasis should be placed on early diagnosis and early therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Analysis of 87 Male Breast Cancer Cases

Liu¹,

Tong²,

He³

et al. 2011

Breast Care

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“…Male patients are frequently at a higher age than female breast cancer (FBC) at diagnosis (5-10 years older) and at a higher stage (27,(56)(57)(58)(59).…”

Section: Symptoms Clinical Signs and Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Breast Cancer

Yalaza¹,

2016

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, major improvements have been achieved in the understanding of breast cancer, and cure can be offered if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage. However, the disease is more often diagnosed at more advanced stages (3 or 4) in men, in contrast to women. Its rarity among men as well as lack of awareness leads to its detection at later stages. Randomized studies cannot be carried on due to the low incidence of breast cancer in males, with only a few published prospective therapeutic studies in the literature. While the information on male breast cancer (MBC) was obtained from retrospective studies, the recommendations for treatment were derived from studies conducted on female breast cancer (1). This review presents the frequency, etiology, clinical-pathological characteristics and treatment approaches for the rare MBC. Epidemiology-EtiologyMale breast cancer is rare and constitutes 0.5-1% of all patients with breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) Program reported that the incidence of breast cancer was highest at ages 52-71 during 1973-2000, whereas the peak incidence in males was 71 years (2). In fact, some authors state that MBC imitate the behavioral pattern of post-menopausal female breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in males and females has increased in the past 25 years. International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) emphasized this increase and stated that the incidence of female breast cancer increased by 20%, while breast cancer-related deaths increased by 14%. The SEER data also showed that the rate that was 1.1 for 100.000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 for 100.000 men by 2010 (3). In USA, 2240 men were diagnosed with breast cancer within the year 2013. The lifetime rate of diagnosis with male breast cancer is 1 in 1000. According to the IACR Turkey data, 0.37% of all cancer types among males are breast cancer (4, 5). IACR has published its new cancer estimates for the year 2012. The most recent cancer estimates for 28 cancer types in 184 countries, which record cancer data, have been made available for users on the GLOBOCAN 2012 website (6).The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. As a matter of fact, a study conducted in 1995 reported the rate of Stage 1-2 disease on diagnosis as 70%, whereas it was reported as 67% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (7-9). MBC constitutes less than 1% of male cancers and it has a varying rate of incidence across different geographies and ethnic groups (10, 11). Its annual prevalence in Europe is 1 in 10.000 men and these cases constitute less than 1% of all patients with breast cancer (4). However, this rate is above 6% in Central African countries (12). This relatively hig...

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“…Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most frequent invasive carcinoma in men, accounting for 70 -95% of MBC and lobular carcinoma is rare (around 1% of all cases) due to lack of terminal lobules in the male breast. [4] However, literature has shown that exposure to estrogen can cause terminal lobules to develop carcinoma in the male breast. [28] In our study series, infiltrating ductal carcinoma-NOS type was the only malignant type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] The diagnostic evaluation and staging system used for MBC are the same as for female breast cancer, but MBC exhibits more frequent lymph node involvement, more frequent lymphovascular invasion and advanced stages than in females. [14,22,29] It probably due to paucity of breast tissue in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%