Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of three pilomyxoid astrocytomas: Comparative study with 11 pilocytic astrocytomas

Amatya, Vishwa Jeet; Akazawa, Ryota; Sumimoto, Yoji; Takeshima, Yukio; Inai, Kei

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02332.x

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to the above-mentioned PmA features in histology, our case was diagnosed as cerebellar PmA. Compared with PA that had been considered to arise from astrocytes, the cell origin of PmA is still unclear [8] . Parsa et al pointed that pilocytic astrocytomas did not undergo spontaneous malignant transformation [9] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in cerebellum

Wang

et al. 2011

Chin. J. Cancer Res.

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Pilomyxoid astrocytoma is a new identified variant type of pilocytic astrocytoma, and typically locates in the hypothalamic and chiasmatic region. Herein, we reported a nine-year-old boy with pilomyxoid astrocytoma in the cerebellum. MRI scanning showed a tumor involved the cerebellar vermis, tonsil, the forth ventricle and brainstem. It was homogeneous isointensity on T1WI, relative hyper-intensity on T2WI, hyper-intensity on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and uniform enhancement on contrast T1WI. The tumor was sub-totally removed and was proved histologically to be pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Follow-up at the 5th month, MRI showed the residual tumor enlarged at the brainstem. The patient survived 10 months after the operation, and finally died of respiration failure resulting from brainstem dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in cerebellum

Wang

et al. 2011

Chin. J. Cancer Res.

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“…The astrocytic cells are reactive for GFAP, Olig2, and S100 [ 128 ]. Rosenthal fi bers are composed of α B-crystallin [ 129 ] and are often, but not always, negative for GFAP.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Pathology Of Pilocytic-pimentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Fung

Petropoulou

2014

Pediatric Malignancies: Pathology and Imaging

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Knowledge of normal neuroanatomy and neurodevelopment is critical to proper diagnosis. A few normal structures may be mistaken as tumor particularly on frozen sections.The external granular layer (Fig. 6.1a ) is a layer of small neurons that covers the external surface of fetal/infant cerebellum. It is quite prominent at the time of birth but is almost completely regressed by the ninth postnatal month. It should not be misinterpreted as medulloblastoma or lymphocytic infi ltration in younger infants. The internal granular layer is also composed of small neurons. Without a size comparison, these cells may be mistaken for medulloblastoma or other small blue cell tumors in minute specimens or cytologic preparations. Conversely medulloblastoma cells, particularly those with smaller nuclei, can be mistaken as internal granular cells. Purkinje cells are rather large and should not be mistaken as rhabdoid cells (Fig. 6.1b ). Other normal structures that can be mistaken for neoplastic tissue include the posterior pituitary and the pineal gland which may be mistaken as glial neoplasm and normal choroid plexus being mistaken as choroid plexus papilloma. These misinterpretations are likely to be committed when the specimen is minute and communication between the pathologist and the neurosurgeon is poor. Overview and Classifi cationTumor of the CNS is not uncommon in the pediatric age group and some of these entities occur only rarely in adults (Table 6.1 ). While meningiomas are very common in adults, it is uncommon in children and almost nonexistent in infants. The most common pediatric tumors in descending order of frequency are pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, and craniopharyngiomas. Ependymal neoplasms and schwannomas are the most frequent infratentorial tumors. Most tumors occur in the brain with a supratentorial-to-infratentorial ratio of approximately 2-to-1. Malignant CNS neoplasms represent 16.6 % of all malignancies in the pediatric age group. In general, the incidence is higher in males than females and among white compared to black children. The incidence is 36.2 per million between infancy and 7 years of age and 21.0 per million between 7 and 10 years of age. As a group, they are the second most frequent malignancy and most common solid tumor in pediatric patients. About 2,200 new cases are diagnosed annually in the United States. Among CNS malignancies, astrocytic tumors account for 52 %, while medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), other gliomas, and ependymomas accounted for 21, 15, and 9 %, respectively [ 2 ].In contrast to adults, there is a high occurrence of malignancies in the cerebellum and brain stem in young children. About 40 % of all thalamic tumors arise in patients under 18 years old and account for 2-5 % of all intracranial tumors in children [ 3 ]. About two third or pediatric thalamic tumors are high grade in histology [ 4 ]. Tumor of the spinal cord represents about 9.9 % and extramedullary tumors are slightly more common than intramedullary...

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“…PMAs have a significantly shorter progression-free (25 compared to 163 months) and overall survival time (60 compared to 233 months) compared to age-matched PAs [8]. Because of the more worrisome clinical course compared to PAs, PMAs are considered WHO grade II [22]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Optic Pathway Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Mimicking Dural-Based Lesion: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Edwards

Kulwin²,

Martin

et al. 2012

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMAs) are low-grade tumors that share many common traits with pilocytic astrocytomas. However, PMAs have a more worrisome clinical course, with a higher recurrence rate, lower survival rate, and higher risk of leptomeningeal spread compared to pilocytic tumors. These tumors tend to occur in younger children and are typically located in the area of the optic chiasm or hypothalamus. There are few studies examining the radiographic appearance of these lesions. In this case report, the authors present an unusual radiographic appearance of a PMA in an 11-year-old child. Preoperative images suggested a dural-based, homogenously enhancing lesion coupled with an enlarged optic nerve. Surgery revealed an intraparenchymal lesion of the right temporal lobe. There was hyperintensity on T2 MRI sequences, suggesting infiltration of the tumor along the optic tracts.

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Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of three pilomyxoid astrocytomas: Comparative study with 11 pilocytic astrocytomas

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in cerebellum

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in cerebellum

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Temporal and Optic Pathway Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Mimicking Dural-Based Lesion: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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