Clinicopathologic significance of HBV X, core promoter, precore mutants in patients with chronic HBV infection

Lee, Youn-Jae; Yang, Young Ii; Jang, Won Hee; Paik, Kye Hyung; Jang, Yeun Sik; Lee, Sang Hyuk; Seol, Sang Young; Chung, Jung Myung

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(01)81265-4

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“…Although a toxic dose of acetaminophen (3 h following 500 mg APAP/kg body weight) can rapidly induce hyperglycemia (Hinson et al, 1984) and acute liver failure secondary to clinical acetaminophen overdose can further impair the peripheral uptake of glucose (Clark et al, 2001), recent animal studies have demonstrated that acetaminophen, when taken at lower dosages (20–30 mg/kg body weight) exhibits an ability to lower blood glucose levels in several animal disease models, including diabetes, high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity, and aging.…”

Section: Chronic Acetaminophen Ingestion Can Improve Blood Glucose Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetaminophen: Beyond Pain and Fever-Relieving

Blough¹,

Wu²

2011

Front. Pharmacol.

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Acetaminophen, also known as APAP or paracetamol, is one of the most widely used analgesics (pain reliever) and antipyretics (fever reducer). According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, currently there are 235 approved prescription and over-the-counter drug products containing acetaminophen as an active ingredient. When used as directed, acetaminophen is very safe and effective; however when taken in excess or ingested with alcohol hepatotoxicity and irreversible liver damage can arise. In addition to well known use pain relief and fever reduction, recent laboratory and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that acetaminophen may also have beneficial effects on blood glucose levels, skeletal muscle function, and potential use as cardioprotective and neuroprotective agents. Extensive laboratory and pre-clinical studies have revealed that these off-label applications may be derived from the ability of acetaminophen to function as an antioxidant. Herein, we will highlight these novel applications of acetaminophen, and attempt, where possible, to highlight how these findings may lead to new directions of inquiry and clinical relevance of other disorders.

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Section: Chronic Acetaminophen Ingestion Can Improve Blood Glucose Comentioning

confidence: 99%