Clinicopathologic features and genomic analysis of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma

Abstract

Background: This study was designed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma and explore the genomic profiles of epithelial and mesenchymal components in this tumor. Methods: Three cases of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma were enrolled in this study. Clinic-pathologic information and prognostic data were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry was performed. The epithelial and mesenchymal components were microdissected to investigate the genomic profiles by performing capture-based targeted next generation sequencing. Results: The epithelial component in patient one was consistent of low-grade and high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma and displayed aberrant nuclear expression of β-catenin and missense mutation of CTNNB1 in its low-grade epithelial. The epithelial component in another two patients were consistent of high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma/enteric adenocarcinoma and harbored no mutation of CTNNB1. The mesenchymal components in all three tumors were primitive round/spindle cells in morphology without definite differentiation and showed cytoplasmic dot positive of β-catenin and no corresponding mutation. Within a tumor, both components exhibited relatively comparable molecular profile. In patient one, 4 mutations: RB1, FAT3, PTCH1 and LRP1B were shared by both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Epithelial had additional mutations in BCOR, CTNNB1, CTCF, FAT1 and DICER1. In patient two, 12 mutations were shared. The epithelial had BRCA2 mutations and the mesenchymal had mutations in CREBBP, ALK, DNMT3A, ASXL2, MYCN andRICTOR. Patient three had 6 shared mutations. The epithelial had an additional mutation in KAT6A and the mesenchymal had an additional mutation in APC. Collectively, we observed heterogeneity between epithelial and mesenchymal components of the same tumor. Conclusions: Parallel detection of genetic abnormalities in epithelial and mesenchymal components of blastomatoid carcinosarcoma could provide evidence for tumor differentiation, molecular targeting and further distinguish them from conventional pulmonary blastoma and carcinosarcoma.

Correlation between LRP1B Mutations and Tumor Mutation Burden in Gastric Cancer

“…LRP1B expression is reduced in many cancers, and it is a common mutant gene in human cancers [15][16][17]. Among the studies on LRP1B, it was found that LRP1B plays an important role and may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer during the development of various cancers including gastric cancer [18,19]. In addition, the significant associations between LRP1B mutations and TMB in lung cancer and melanoma have also been reported [15,20].…”

Social entrepreneurship research in the Greater China Region: a scoping review and new research framework

“…Such scholarship is dominated by publications that focus on the things that are "obvious" from the eyes of global (Western) SE scholarship -from describing the models of SE (e.g., Tian et al, 2018) and the tensions in SE (e.g., Yin & Chen, 2018;Zhao & Han, 2019). Second, the Greater China SE scholarship has followed the "style and taste" of SE research in the West.…”

“…The contexts of the articles reviewed were diverse and include rural villages (Poon et al 2009), nursing homes organized by religious institutions (Zhang, 2015), post-disaster (Yu, 2016), sustainability , microfinance (Zhao & Han, 2019), elderly care homes (Wong & Tang, 2006), SE certification (Lou & Huang, 2019), work-integration social enterprises Leung et al, 2019). These diverse contexts reflect the diversity of those studied in the mainstream SE literature.…”

“…-----Table 1 goes about here -----In defining SE, the Greater China SE scholarship has been dominated by papers from the management and related disciplines such as organization and entrepreneurship (e.g., Chandra, 2017a;Yiu et al, 2014;Zhao & Han, 2019). The SE field has also attracted non-business scholars, as shown by papers from the nonprofit, social work, public policy, economics, and tourism disciplines.…”

“…Although research on Greater China SE 3 is flourishing (e.g., Chan et al, 2011;Chan & Yuen, 2013;Defourny & Kim, 2011;Kuan et al, 2011;Poon et al, 2009;Zhao & Han, 2019), there has been little efforts to take stock of the development of SE as a field of research. A review of the development of SE scholarship is important because, first, it allows us to look at the history of the progression and contribution of intellectual ideas in the field, and second, it can spark a new conversation and debates among scholars which can lead to the proliferation of new research that pushes the scholarship forward.…”