Clinicodemographic Profile and Outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Indonesian Cohort of DISCOVER: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background. Indonesia is amongst the top 10 countries with the highest prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) at 10.8%. However, the distinguishable features of T2DM in Indonesia remain obscure. Therefore, the DISCOVER study aimed to describe the characteristics of T2DM patients, associated vascular complications and treatment in Indonesia.Methodology. DISCOVER study is a multi-country, multicenter, prospective, cohort study over 3 years. In the present study, the data were collected from 13 sites from clinical practice, hospitals and public health facilities in Indonesia.Results. A total of 221 subjects were recruited with a mean age of 55.6 ± 9.8 years and body mass index (BMI) of 26.4 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 . Over 40% of patients had hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia. The mean duration of T2DM was 58.3 ± 62.0 months while the mean HbA1c levels was 9.2 ± 2%. In total, 82.4% completed the study within a 36-month followup period. BMI remained elevated i.e., >25kg/m 2 . A significant reduction was observed in HbA1c levels as compared to baseline (9.2 ± 2% to 8.1 ± 1.8%). T2DM-associated microvascular complications such as peripheral neuropathy, albuminuria and chronic kidney disease were observed in 17.2%. Macrovascular complications including coronary artery disease and heart failure were seen in 26.2% of patients. We also found that more than 70% of patients were on metformin and/or sulfonylurea.Conclusion.The features of patients with T2DM in Indonesia were high BMI, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia as co-morbidities. Metformin and sulfonylureas were the most common treatment. HbA1c reduction during follow-up did not reach recommended target. Thus, early detection and intervention using available glucose-lowering medications and aggressive management of risk factors and complications are essential to improve outcomes of diabetes management in Indonesia.

Persepsi Penyakit Dan Manajemen Diri Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Pada Lanjut Usia

“…Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) yang tidak ditangani secara tepat, akan mengakibatkan komplikasi yang serius pada penyandangnya (Papatheodorou et al, 2018). Sebanyak 32% pasien DM tipe 2 di Indonesia mengalami komplikasi neuropati perifer, 26,2% mengalami komplikasi makrovaskuler, dan 17,2% mengalami komplikasi mikrovaskuler (Soeatmadji et al, 2023). Komplikasi yang terjadi pada pasien DM juga dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya masalah baik dari segi fisik maupun psikologis.…”

Antiarrhythmic Effect of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in high-degree AV Block Caused by Heart Failure: A Case Report

“…It is now being utilized as an additional therapy for HF in Indonesia, and it has been proven to have antiarrhythmic features as well. The first SGLT-2 inhibitor cohort study in Indonesia was reported in DISCOVER study, where it was used in 1.2% of patients [4,5] . Despite inconsistent [6][7][8][9] .…”

Evaluating the Efficacy of Clerodendrum minahassae Ethanol Extract on Insulin Regulation in Diabetic Wistar Rats

“…The global prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase dramatically, with estimates suggesting that approximately 642 million individuals will be affected by the year 2040 [2]. Recent data positions Indonesia as the sixth country with the highest number of DM cases among those aged 15 years and older, with a reported prevalence of 10.8% [3]. The increasing prevalence of DM, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant burden on healthcare systems and highlights the need for effective management strategies.…”