Clinico-hematological profile of paediatric patient admitted with acute leukemia in tertiary care centre of central India

Abstract

Background: Leukemia is the most prevalent childhood cancer. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes 75% of all cases. Objective: To find out the most common clinical and hematological findings of pediatric patients with acute leukemia at a tertiary care center of central India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done on 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia in the Department of Pediatrics and Oncology at Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal. This study included children aged from 6 months to 15 years, who were admitted from June 2014 to June 2015. Data were retrospectivelycollected by reviewing medical records of these patients. Clinical history, physical examination, hematological, and radiological data were analyzed. Results: ALL was the most common hematological malignancy observed at our hospital. In addition, it was found to be more prevalent in males and fever was the most common presenting symptoms followed by fatigue and anorexia. Hepatosplenomegaly and pallor were the most common findings on clinical examination. Among patients with ALL, subtype L1 was the most common type. Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia, M2 and M3 subtypes were most commonly documented.

Clinicopathological evaluation of acute leukemias in a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study

“…AML was more commonly diagnosed than ALL, similar to previous studies ( 5 , 6 ). ALL was found to be more common in children (aged 1-14 years) and AML in adults (aged >30 years) in concordance with the findings of Dores et al and others ( 7 , 12–17 ). The presenting signs and symptoms also found resonance with these studies ( 12–17 ).…”

“…ALL was found to be more common in children (aged 1-14 years) and AML in adults (aged >30 years) in concordance with the findings of Dores et al and others ( 7 , 12–17 ). The presenting signs and symptoms also found resonance with these studies ( 12–17 ). Fever was the most common complaint in both the leukemias, similar to Kumar et al, Ghosh et al, and others (72-89%) ( 12–16 ).…”

“…This was most likely associated with granulocytopenia and concomitant infections ( 17 , 18 ). Generalized weakness and bleeding manifestations were also similar to these studies ( 12–16 ). Gingival bleeding was not seen in any of the ALL cases but was present in AML cases, akin to the studies by Ghosh et al (23%), Preethi CR (25%), and Sultan et al (22%).…”

“…This is suggested to be due to thrombocytopenia and neutropenia ( 14–16 ). The most common presenting sign in both ALL and AML was pallor followed by hepatosplenomegaly, similar to the above-mentioned studies, likely related to anemia and organ infiltration, respectively ( 12–16 ). The increased peripheral smear blast cell % (68% in ALL and 61% in AML) also mirrors that seen by Kumar et al (85% in ALL) and Ghosh et al (57.6% in AML).…”

“…The presenting signs and symptoms also found resonance with these studies ( 12–17 ). Fever was the most common complaint in both the leukemias, similar to Kumar et al, Ghosh et al, and others (72-89%) ( 12–16 ). This was most likely associated with granulocytopenia and concomitant infections ( 17 , 18 ).…”