Clinico-epidemiology and management of Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) envenoming in dogs in Sri Lanka

Adhikari, Ranjith; Gawarammana, Indika; Silva, D.D.N. De; Dangolla, Ashoka; Mallawa, Chandima; Premarathna, Amal D; Silva, Indira D.

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.08.006

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Fang marks among the majority of dog victims of N. naja and Dabia russelii 21 , 22 are seen in the head and neck region and a similar bite distribution pattern was seen in the majority of HNPV bitten dogs. Sharp canine teeth have evolved as the major weapons for protection in dogs and they fight facing ahead.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Consistent with studies of snakebite incidence from other venomous snakes this study observed a higher proportion of males suffered HNPV bites. It is hypothesised this reflects the more prominent territorial behaviour of male dogs 8 , 22 , 23 . This observation parallels the incidence of snakebite in human males in farming communities due to social norms governing occupational roles 4 , 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although exact mechanism has yet to be identified, all the HNPV envenomed dogs showed Leukocytosis; which is consistent with N. naja bite envenoming ad D.russelii bite envenoming in dogs and humans. 21 , 22 , 41 . However, the cause of leukocytosis following such snakebite envenoming is yet to be explored 21 , 22 and elucidation of this parameter would have the potential to open avenues to estimate the severity of envenoming 22 .Currently available AVS in Sri Lanka is imported from India and uses venom from the Indian species of Naja.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Three methods were used to recognize offending snakes viz visual identification of snake specimens brought by dog owners; 22 , 23 ; identification through photographs of the culprit snakes taken on mobile phones by owners and, identification by owners through photographs and preserved specimens of the culprit snakes. All the clinical examination procedures were performed in the intensive care unit of the VTH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment protocols using AVS for Naja naja and Daboia russelii envenoming in dogs have been established recently 21 , 22 . However, detailed investigations beyond several fundamental studies related to HNPV bite envenoming are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs

Adhikari

Suriyagoda

Premarathna

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Human envenoming from the bite of the abundant hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) (HNPV) is a frequent occurrence with victims experiencing unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Further, clinico-pathology, treatment and management measures in HNPV envenomed dogs are under recognized. Prospective investigations were performed to assess the clinico-pathology and management options for HNPV envenomed dogs brought to the University of Peradeniya’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January, 2012 to March 2018. We recorded the local and systemic manifestations, hematological and urinary abnormalities of 78 dogs in which HNPV bite had been witnessed by the owner. Mild swelling, extensive swelling, hemorrhagic blistering and hemorrhagic bullae at the site of bite were observed in 59%, 31%, 6% and 4% of the dogs, respectively. Some dogs were subjected to surgical excision of necrotized tissue including limb amputation. We observed the following systemic clinical effects in envenomed dogs: neurotoxicity (13%), acute kidney injury (AKI) (14%) and coagulopathy (16%). All dogs showed leukocytosis with mean white blood cell count of 25.25 × 103/µL. Mild anemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in 29% of the dogs. There was a significant correlation between extent of local tissue injuries with length of hospitalization (LH). The mean time of coagulopathy observed was 21.3 h (IQR: 8–48 h). In coagulopathic dogs, there was a strong correlation between LH and extent of local tissue injury (rs = 0.7751, P < 0.0001); LH and whole blood clotting time(CT) (rs = 1.0, P < 0.0001); PT and aPTT (rs = 0.4712, P < 0.001). LH was significantly correlated with the development of AKI (p = 0.0013). Lack of specific antivenom (AVS) for HNPV envenoming provided an opportunity to study the remaining treatment options. Therefore, the study allowed the identification of local and systemic effects, hematological abnormalities, possible supportive treatments and drawbacks of management measures for envenomed dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs

Adhikari

Suriyagoda

Premarathna

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Rapid identification of bilateral adrenal and pituitary haemorrhages induced by Russell's viper envenomation results in positive patient outcome

Almeida

Williams

Williams³

et al. 2023

Toxicon

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A Prospective Clinico-Epidemiological Evaluation and Management of Hump Nosed Pit Vipers (Hypnale Hypnale) Bite Envenoming in Dogs

Adhikari,

Silva,

Dangolla

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Human envenoming from the bite of the abundant hump nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) (HNPV) is a frequent occurrence with victims experiencing unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Regrettably, our therapeutic armamentarium remains limited. Further, clinico-pathology, treatment and management measures in HNPV envenomed dogs are under recognized. Prospective investigations were performed to assess the clilinico-pathology and management options for HNPV envenomed dogs brought to the University of Peradeniya’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January, 2012 to March 2018. We recorded the local and systemic clinical manifestations, hematological and urinary abnormalities of 78 dogs in which HNPV bite had been witnessed by the owner. Mild swelling, extensive swelling, hemorrhagic blistering and hemorrhagic bullae at the site of bite were observed in 59%, 31%, 6% and 4% of the dogs, respectively. Some dogs were subjected to surgical excision of necrotized tissue including limb amputation. We observed the following systemic clinical effects in envenomed dogs: neurotoxicity (13%), acute kidney injuries (AKI) (14%) and coagulopathy (16%). All dogs showed leukocytosis with mean white blood cell count of 25.25×103/µL. Mild anemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in 29% of the dogs. There was a significant correlation between extent of local tissue injuries with length of hospitalization (LH). The mean time of coagulopathy observed was 21.3 hours (IQR: 8-48 hours). In coagulopathic dogs, there was a strong correlation between LH and extent of local tissue injury (rs = 0.7751, P < 0.0001); LH and clotting time (rs = 1.0, P < 0.0001); PT and aPTT (rs = 0.4712, P < 0.001). LH was significantly correlated with the development of AKI (p=0.0013). Lack of specific AVS for HNPV envenoming provided an opportunity to study the remaining treatment options. Therefore, the study allowed the identification of local and systemic effects, hematological abnormalities, possible auxiliary treatments and drawbacks of management measures for envenomed dogs.

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Clinico-epidemiology and management of Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) envenoming in dogs in Sri Lanka

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs

Clinico-epidemiology and management of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bites in dogs

Rapid identification of bilateral adrenal and pituitary haemorrhages induced by Russell's viper envenomation results in positive patient outcome

A Prospective Clinico-Epidemiological Evaluation and Management of Hump Nosed Pit Vipers (Hypnale Hypnale) Bite Envenoming in Dogs

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