Clinico-epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease in the South Asian region: a scoping review protocol

Weerakoon, Harshi; Vithanage, Ishari; Alahakoon, Oshadhi; Weerakoon, Kosala

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057808

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Gallstones (GS) represent one of the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal disorders, manifesting with common symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diminished appetite. They affect approximately 20% of the global population (1,2). Across the world, there are notable variations in the prevalence and formation of gallstones based on race and geographic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the intricate nature of insulin resistance and the significant time and resource commitments it entails, simpler surrogate markers are frequently utilized for assessment. The TyG index has emerged as a dependable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (1,(10)(11)(12). Its utility has been validated across various medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease (13), hearing impairment (11), and proteinuria (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated TyG index associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in a United States cross-sectional study

Feng,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the incidence of cholelithiasis.Research approachIn this investigation, a cross-sectional analysis was undertaken utilizing data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2017 to 2020. The TyG index served as an independent predictor, while gallstone prevalence was considered the dependent variable of interest. We employed a multivariate logistic regression model to evaluate the interplay between these independent and dependent variables. To assess the presence of potential non-linear associations, sensitivity analysis was executed, utilizing inverse probability weighted validation, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis. In cases where non-linear relationships were observed, likelihood ratios were utilized to pinpoint potential inflection points. Ultimately, subgroup analyses were conducted to identify specific populations demonstrating heightened susceptibility to gallstone prevalence.ResultsEncompassing 838 patients who self-reported gallstones, a total of 7,794 participants were included in the analytical cohort. A statistically significant disparity in the TyG index was observed when all individuals were categorized into gallstone patients and non-patients (p < 0.05). Logistic regression findings indicated a positive correlation between the TyG index and gallstone disease prevalence (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.47), with a strengthening association as the TyG index increased (p trend <0.01). The results were corroborated by the use of inverse probability weighting. Additionally, a non-linear connection between the TyG index and gallstone prevalence was identified (log-likelihood ratio p < 0.01), with the optimal inflection point for TyG calculated at 8.96. In subgroup analysis, the positive relationship between the TyG index and gallstone prevalence was notably pronounced among black Americans under the age of 40 and female participants.ConclusionAlterations in the TyG index may potentially correlate with shifts in the prevalence of gallstones among adult populations in the United States. Elevated TyG index values may coincide with an augmented likelihood of gallstone occurrence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated TyG index associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in a United States cross-sectional study

Feng,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Cholelithiasis is a prevalent hepatobiliary disease that affects approximately 10–15% of the global population [ 1 , 2 ]. In the United States, this can result in a direct cost of over 6.3 billion dollars per year [ 3 ], which poses a significant financial burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Secretory Mucins in the Occurrence and Development of Cholelithiasis

Zhao,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Cholelithiasis is a common biliary tract disease. However, the exact mechanism underlying gallstone formation remains unclear. Mucin plays a vital role in the nuclear formation and growth of cholesterol and pigment stones. Excessive mucin secretion can result in cholestasis and decreased gallbladder activity, further facilitating stone formation and growth. Moreover, gallstones may result in inflammation and the secretion of inflammatory factors, which can further increase mucin expression and secretion to promote the growth of gallstones. This review systematically summarises and analyses the role of mucins in gallstone occurrence and development and its related mechanisms to explore new ideas for interventions in stone formation or recurrence.

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“…According to the etiopathogenesis, OJ is fundamentally divided into benign (non-tumor) and malignant (tumor). The main cause of benign OJ in adults is obstruction of the common bile duct or large duodenal papilla with calculus in gallstone disease; while malignant OJ mainly develops from tumor lesions of the pancreatic head, which block the free removal of bile into the duodenum [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the treatment of mechanical jaundice in men and women: a cross-sectional study

Marzoog

Vladimirovich

2022

Preprint

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Background: Cholithiasis remains the leading cause of obstructive jaundice. A tendency to cholithiasis is suggested in women. However, the underlying risk factors and statistical conformation are lacking. Aims: Retrospectively describe and assess the causes of obstructive jaundice, as well as demonstrate the changes in laboratory parameters in response to treatment. Objectives: The study describes a sample of patients with obstructive jaundice due to various causes. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study involved 101 patients with cholithiasis for the period 14.01.2016-13.04.2018 treated surgically and or conservatively. The study involved 60 (59.40594 %) men and 41 (40.59406 %) females aged 16 to 100 years (mean; 64.9901, Std Err: 1.53787). Of 101, 54 (53.46535 %) patients live in the city and 47 (46.53465 %) live in the village. The patients passed a full blood count and biochemical analysis for at least two times. Data were collected from the Mordovian Republic Hospital and retrospectively analyzed. The consent of the patients has been taken for scientific purposes to analyze and publish the results of the study. For statistical analysis, used T test, one way ANOVA test, and Spearman correlation test by using Statistica program. Results: By the etiology of obstructive symptoms, the frequency of gallstones is reported in 37 (36.63366%) patients, acute pancreatitis in 23 (22.77228%) patients, post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) in 8 (7.92079 %) patients, Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC, Klatskin tumor) in 1 (0.99010 %) patient, pancreatic cancer in 12 (11.88119 %) patients, acute biliary pancreatitis in 8 (7.92079 %) patients, pancreatic pseudotumor in 4 (3.96040%) patients, acute cholecystitis in 3 (2.97030 %) patients, papillary tumor in 2 (1.98020 %) patients, and pancreatic cyst in 3 (2.97030%) patients. In male group, the mean age is 62.7805 years (min; max, 16.00000; 86.000) years, (median; Std Err, 66.0000; 2.40541). In the female group, the mean age is 66.5000 years (min; max, 24.00000; 100.000) years, (median; Std Err, 65.5000; 1.99300). Of 101 patients, 20 (19.80%) patients underwent surgical treatment and 81 (80.20%) patients did not require surgery. The mean total hospitalization days for patients who passed EPST surgery is 16.20000 days (Std Err 1.008850), CBD 21.50000 days (Std Err 1.565248), CDBD 25.00000 days, cholecystostomy 14.00000 days and hepaticocholecystoenterostomy 16.00000 days (Std Err 2.000000). In male group, the mean total hospitalization days 15.8537 (min; max, 5.00000; 30.000) days, (median; Std Err, 15.0000; 0.89071). In the female group, the mean total hospitalization days 14.0833 (min; max, 6.00000; 29.000) days, (median; Std Err, 13.5000; 0.68901). A direct association between the glucose value and the age, the correlation coefficient value -0.961980. Conclusions: Tendency to the early occurrence of obstructive jaundice symptoms in men compared to women. In treatment plans, men and females required the same total hospitalization days. The incidence rate of cholithiasis in females is higher than in males. Other findings: A straight association between age and the etiology of obstructive jaundice symptoms as well as a straight association between total hospitalization days and the type of surgery.

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Clinico-epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease in the South Asian region: a scoping review protocol

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Elevated TyG index associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in a United States cross-sectional study

Elevated TyG index associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in a United States cross-sectional study

Role of Secretory Mucins in the Occurrence and Development of Cholelithiasis

Comparative study of the treatment of mechanical jaundice in men and women: a cross-sectional study

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