Clinico-epidemiological study of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Waja-Timuga, District of Alamata, northern Ethiopia

Abebe, Nigus; Erko, Berhanu; Medhin, Girmay; Berhe, Nega

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-158

Cited by 38 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the finding, it was also revealed that children who swim in rivers had almost 10 times more likely of being infected with S. mansoni than those who did not have a swimming habit. is result was higher as compared to a study carried out at two primary schools in Saja, which is 3.2 times higher exposure in swimming practice [11]. e increased result might be obtained at Wondo due to the presence of many rivers in the locality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Associated Factors among School Children in Wondo District, Ethiopia

Ansha

Kuti

Girma³

2020

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Background. Human schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by Schistosoma mansoni. Children in the developing countries live in areas with poor sanitation and most often spend time swimming or bathing in the water bodies contaminated with cercariae, the infective stages of schistosomiasis, which results in growth retardation and poor school performance. Thus, having effective control of the disease requires assessment of prevalence and risk factors. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of S. mansoni and its associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Wondo district, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and March 2018. Stool samples from 298 schoolchildren, who were selected by simple random sampling, were examined for the ova of S. mansoni using Kato–Katz technique. Information on sociodemographic factors and other risk factors was obtained using questionnaires. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS 22.0 statistical software and analyzed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with S. mansoni infection. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and the level of significance was declared at p values of less than 0.05. The result was presented using tables, figures, and text form. Result. A total of 298 study participants were involved in this study resulting in a response rate of 96.4% (298/309). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 11.4% (34/298). The prevalence was 8% (12/140) among males while it was 13% (22/158) among females. Swimming in rivers or ponds (AOR: 9.592; 95% CI: 1.972–46.655; P=0.005), latrine availability at household level (AOR: 0.075; 95% CI: 0.13–0.422; P=0.003), and awareness about schistosomiasis (AOR: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.004–0.409; P=0.007) were the factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection at p value < 0.05. Conclusion. The prevalence of S. mansoni was moderate as per the World Health Organization standard, since it was in the range of 10%–50%. This implies that schistosomiasis is still among major health problems. Thus, intensified effort is needed to address risk factors contributing to infection and control disease. Additionally, biannual mass drug administration with praziquantel is required according to the WHO standard.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…A multiplication factor of 24 was used to estimate the number of eggs per gram of stool. e intensity of S. mansoni infections was categorized as light, moderate, or heavy-infection intensities based on the number of egg counts as per the cut offs described by the WHO [11].…”

Section: Data Collection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Associated Factors among School Children in Wondo District, Ethiopia

Ansha

Kuti

Girma³

2020

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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“…Furthermore, population movement and expansion of water resource development projects are playing key roles in establishing the parasite transmission in new areas in the country [9–11]. In Ethiopia, S. mansoni is transmitted by B. pfeifferi and B. sudanica while S. haematobium is transmitted by Bulinus abyssinicus and Bu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiasis among school children with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni infection in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIntestinal helminth infections are major parasitic diseases causing public health problems in Ethiopia. Although the epidemiology of these infections are well documented in Ethiopia, new transmission foci for schistosomiasis are being reported in different parts of the country. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal helminth infections among school children and determine the endemicity of schistosomiasis in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia.MethodsCross-sectional parasitological and malacological surveys were conducted by collecting stool samples for microscopic examination and snails for intermediate host identification. Stool samples were collected from 503 children and processed for microscopic examination using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration methods. Snails collected from aquatic environments in the study area were identified to species level and Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails, the intermediate host of S. mansoni,, were individually exposed to artificial light in order to induce cercariae shedding. Cercariae shed from snails were used to infect laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice in order to identify the schistosome to species level.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 72.2% among school children. S. mansoni infection prevalence was 58.6%. The prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infections varied among schools and sex of children. Swimming was the only factor reported to be significantly associated with S. mansoni infection (AOR = 2.954, 95% CI:1.962-4.449). Other intestinal helminth species identified were hookworms (27.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8.7%), E. vermicularis (2.8%), Taenia species (2.6%), T. trichiura (1.2%) and H. nana (0.6%). Only B. pfeifferi snails collected from streams shed schistosome cercariae and 792 adult S. mansoni worms were harvested from mice exposed to cercariae shed from B. pfeifferi on the 6th week post-exposure.ConclusionThe present study found high level of intestinal helminth infections in the study area. The study also confirmed autochthonous transmission and endemicity of S. mansoni as evidenced by both parasitological and malacological findings as well as by further establishing infections in lab-bred mice. Therefore, there is a need to include the area in the control programs with anti-helminth drugs and also consider other complementary measures including sanitation, provision of clean water supply, and snail control.

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“…Various epidemiological studies reported S. mansoni infection among school children in different countries with disparity in prevalence with Brazil 14.4% [14], Northwestern Tanzania, 64.3% and 84.01% [15,16], Roryal District, Northwestern Tanzania 15.1% [17], high altitude crater lakes in Western Uganda 27.8% [18], Kismu city western Kenya 21.0% [19] [32], Lake Hawassa, 31% [33], Wendo Genet, 74.9% [34], Southeast of lake Langano. 21.2% [35], different water source users in Tigray, 5.95% [36], Waja-Timuga, District of Alamata, 73.9% [37], Suburbs of Mekelle city, Tigray, 23.9% [38] There is evidence that S. mansoni infection is prevalent in Jimma Town from case reports in health facilities, presence of intermediate host in river crossing the town and water bodies near to some of the schools in which the students have contact with it at different time during schooling; however, there seems to be no document that report prevalence S. mansoni in Jimma town.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infection and associated risk factors among school children attending primary schools nearby rivers in Jimma town, an urban setting, Southwest Ethiopia

2020

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis is one of the most neglected tropical parasitic disease which is common in Ethiopia. It is disease of rural areas for decades but now days there are reports of schistosomiasis from urban settings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection and associated determinant factors among school children attending primary schools nearby rivers in Jimma town, an urban setting, southwest Ethiopia. MethodologyA cross sectional study was conducted among 328 school children aged between 7-17 years in selected primary schools nearby rivers in Jimma town from March to April 2017. For the diagnosis of S. mansoni, a single stool sample was obtained from each child and processed using double Kato Katz thick smear for quantification of S. mansoni ova examined using light microscope. A questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data and associated determinant factors for S. mansoni infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Variables with P-value < 0.05 were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. ResultsThe overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was found to be 28.7%. Majority of infection intensities were categorized as light with maximum egg per gram of stool (epg) was 1728. The geometric mean of infection intensity was 102.3epg. Schools distance from river (p = 0.001), swimming habit in rivers (p = 0.001) and crossing river on bare foot (p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for S. mansoni infection.

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Clinico-epidemiological study of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Waja-Timuga, District of Alamata, northern Ethiopia

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Associated Factors among School Children in Wondo District, Ethiopia

Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Associated Factors among School Children in Wondo District, Ethiopia

Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiasis among school children with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni infection in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia

Epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infection and associated risk factors among school children attending primary schools nearby rivers in Jimma town, an urban setting, Southwest Ethiopia

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