Specialist assessment is a crucial part of child protection intervention. This review considers problems surrounding the process of obtaining a specialist assessment in the child protection process, focusing especially on mental health assessment. Difficulties identified concern different professional frames of reference and agency functions, individual influences and power differentials, communication and decision‐making at child protection conferences, court proceedings, ‘sensitive costs’ and resources. Particular attention is paid to difficulties associated with the multi‐agency nature of the child protection process. Possible solutions are discussed under the following headings: structures and procedures, communication and role clarity, interpersonal relationships, the role of the keyworker, consultation and the responsiveness of specialists to referrer needs. A comprehensive strategy is advocated in improving the input of specialist services to child protection proceedings. This strategy should employ a combination of structural, procedural and interpersonal approaches and its effects should be thoroughly evaluated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.