“…Electrochemical biosensors described to date for bacterial infections [ 28 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] comprise a rather limited number of immunosensors using antibodies able to detect the whole bacteria ( Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae , Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae ) [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] or specific surface bacterial proteins (PspA peptide) [ 28 ], and a wide variety of nucleic acid sensors targeting specific bacterial genes used along with different nucleic acid and signal amplification strategies [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”