Clinical value of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation treatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to investigate serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods Forty-one patients with PTC undergoing ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and 56 controls were included. Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after surgery. Potential affecting factors were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in PTC patients compared with controls, and decreased significantly after surgery. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, diagnostic values for preoperative serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were 82.4% and 86.6%. There was no contrast-agent perfusion in the ablation zone in 88.5% of lesions, and enhancement within or at the lesion edge in 11.4%. The volume reduction at 3 months’ follow-up was >40%. Age, microcalcification, irregular shape, and lesion diameter and number were influencing factors for PTC. Age, and lesion diameter and number were independent risk factors, while calcification and morphology were protective factors. Conclusion Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels have important clinical values for the diagnosis and treatment of PTC by RFA. Preoperative serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, combined with other affecting factors, contribute to disease prognosis.

Nomogram prediction for the involution of the ablation zone after radiofrequency ablation treatment in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…Pan et al [31] found that age and calcification were influencing factors for PTC prognosis; however, they did not further explore whether these factors influenced complete ablation zone disappearance after RFA. In our study, we found that aged patients and/or patients who had macrocalcification usually had difficulty in achieving complete ablation zone disappearance in the first year after RFA.…”

Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior? Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers

“…The serum concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 differ significantly regarding age, presence of microcalcification, irregular shape, diameter or number of cancer foci, and other clinicopathological features mentioned earlier [ 184 ].…”

“…Several studies suggest that levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the peripheral blood could be used not only as predictive markers of DTC [ 178 , 179 , 184 ] but also as the efficacy criterion for different treatment methods, e.g., surgery [ 168 ] or minimally invasive procedures, such as Ult RAS ound-guided Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) [ 184 ]. Serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 could provide valuable references for diagnosing PTC before RFA and information about procedures efficacy.…”

“…No changes were noticed in the benign nodule group. In combination with relevant risk factors, these serological indexes may help to predict the prognosis of PTC before and after ablation or surgery and could have significant implications for the PTC management planning [ 178 , 184 ].…”

Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Locally Invasive Papillary Thyroid Cancer

“…Overexpression of MMPs in tumor tissue has been reported in many types of solid tumors, including breast, ovary, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas, squamous carcinomas of the head and neck, and other carcinomas [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Human thyroid carcinoma tissue has also been reported to express MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and these MMPs were localized in tumor cells and/or in the fibroblasts adjacent to or close to the invading tumor cells [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. TIMPs, as inhibitors of MMPs, were initially considered as potential inhibitors of invasion and metastases that could alter the metastatic potential of cancer cells [ 33 ].…”