Clinical validation of coronal and sagittal spinal curve measurements based on three-dimensional vertebra vector parameters

Characterizing the differences between the 2D and 3D measurements of spine in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

“…Excellent reliability and reproducibility was reported for 3D measurements in patients with different curve severity except for LL measurements [18]. A high correlation between the 2D and 3D measurements was also reported [18]; however, the agreement between the two measurement techniques and specifics regarding the clinically significant differences between the 2D and 3D parameters as a function of 3D deformities of the spine in transverse plane was not characterized.…”

“…Previously, the reproducibility of the spinal angle measurements using the self-calibrated 3D reconstruction of the spine in SterEOS software was tested in pre-and postoperative AIS patients [12,13,[16][17][18][19][20]. Excellent reliability and reproducibility was reported for 3D measurements in patients with different curve severity except for LL measurements [18].…”

“…The maximum differences between the 2D conventional measurements and 3D parameters in surgical cases and post-operative patients were at 7°and 6.9°, respectively [16]. The lordosis 2D and 3D measurements were significantly different for mild to severe cases of AIS, which was related to L5 vertebral wedge [18]. However, the effect of axial rotation of the curve and vertebrae on the agreement between the 2D and 3D clinical measurements of the spine has not been tested.…”

“…The accuracy of the 3D reconstruction of the spine has been compared to the 3D reconstructions of the CT scans and no clinically significant difference in terms of bone morphology and clinical measurements were reported [14,15]. The repeatability and reproducibility of the EOS 3D spinal measurements in moderate spinal curve measurements was shown [12,13,[16][17][18][19][20]. The maximum differences between the 2D conventional measurements and 3D parameters in surgical cases and post-operative patients were at 7°and 6.9°, respectively [16].…”

Canonical Correlations between Body Postural Variables in the Sagittal Plane and Scoliotic Variables in School-Children

“…Initially, the lateral movement of the spine (lateral flexion of the spine in the shape of an arch) is greatest. Then, the rotation of the vertebrae around the long axis of the spine enlarges the curvature in the frontal plane, causing the lumbar muscle or thoracic lobe to be prominent, which is accompanied by a decrease in lumbar lordosis (Somoskeöy, Tunyogi-Csapó, Bogyó & Illés, 2012). Curvature of chest kyphosis (flat back), scoliosis with reduced lateral mobility, scoliosis with short arch curvature, high rotation and structural changes in vertebral bodies cannot be attributed a positive outcome.…”