Clinical Usefulness of Novel Serum and Imaging Biomarkers in Risk Stratification of Patients with Stable Angina

Abstract

Inflammatory mediators appear to be the most intriguing yet confusing subject, regarding the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The current inflammatory concept of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) led many investigators to concentrate on systemic markers of inflammation, as well as imaging techniques, which may be helpful in risk stratification and prognosis assessment for cardiovascular events. In this review, we try to depict many of the recently studied markers regarding stable angina (SA), their clinical usefulness, and possible future applications in the field.

Association between platelet to lymphocyte ratio and saphenous vein graft disease in patients with stable angina pectoris

“…Histopathologically, atheroma plaque has a small lipid core with a thick fibrous cap in chronic SAP, low rupture risk, narrows the arterial lumen, and produces symptoms ( 15 ). On the other hand, it was shown that the saphenous vein graft atheroma contained more foam and inflammatory cells including multinucleate giant cells compared to the native coronary atheroma ( 16 ).…”

The influence of low-grade inflammation on platelets in patients with stable coronary artery disease

“…Chronic low-grade inflammation may aggravate atherogenesis not only by directly promoting the formation of atherosclerotic plaques , but also indirectly by inducing a more athero-genic profile (6). In patients with stable CAD, several inflammatory biomarkers have been investigated to improve our understanding of atherogenesis and improve risk stratification (7). Below, we discuss important inflammatory biomarkers reported to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD.…”

The Low Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction (LoDoCo-MI) study: A pilot randomized placebo controlled trial of colchicine following acute myocardial infarction

“…(91) It is reasonable that several biomarkers could be measured simultaneously in relationship to each other to improve risk stratification in patients (231). There is the potential to derive novel risk stratification and prognostic indices from integrating such biomarkers (232). Biomarkers that surge just prior to plaque rupture possess the largest impact potential in forewarning of an event.…”