Clinical Use of Atrial Pacing Test in Angina Pectoris

Abnormalities of Ventricular Motion Induced by Atrial Pacing in Coronary Artery Disease

“…[4][5][6]9 The physiologic consequences of induced tachycardia have been investigated in a variety of animal preparations.24-30 As heart rate is increased, ventricular filling is reduced, and both EDV and ESV fall as a consequence of the Frank-Starling mechanism.31 32 Accordingly, stroke volume falls and cardiac output is relatively unchanged. Indeed, Bristow's data show a parallel decrease of about 40% in both EDV and SV with 150% increase in heart rate so that ejection fraction remains essentially unchanged.…”

The early identification of psychosis: can lessons be learnt from cardiac stress testing?

“…This was followed by the demonstration that the predictive value of ST-segment depression for future coronary events was even higher than the predictive value of clinical history (Robb and Marks 1967). In the ensuing years, several groups (Balcon et al 1968; Lewis and Wilson 1971; Martin and McConahay 1972; Najmi et al 1968) demonstrated a correlation between coronary angiographic data, which is the gold standard for confirming CAD diagnosis, and ST-segment changes during CST. Formal guidelines have specified indications and contra-indications for the test, interpretations of the results, risk stratification and indications for termination (Fletcher 1997; Gibbons et al 1997).…”

Comparative effects of beta adrenergic blocking drugs.

“…There were 10 men and two women with a mean age of 51 years; none had hypertension, valve disease, asthma, or chronic bronchitis, or gave a history of heart failure. All had agina graded 2 or 3 (moderate or severe) on a 4-point scale in which grade 4 represents angina occurring at rest (Balcon, Maloy, and Sowton, 1968). The only other drug used was sublingual nitroglycerine, which was not taken on the morning of the investigations.…”