Clinical Translation of Three-Dimensional Scar, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Four-Dimensional Flow, and Quantitative Perfusion in Cardiac MRI: A Comprehensive Review

Paddock, Sophie; Tsampasian, Vasiliki; Assadi, Hosamadin; Mota, Bruno; Swift, Andrew J.; Chowdhary, Amrit; Swoboda, Peter; Levelt, Eylem; Sammut, Eva; Cabrero, Jordi Broncano; Val, Javier Royuela del; Malcolm, Paul; Sun, Julia; Ryding, Alisdair; Sawh, Chris; Greenwood, Richard; Hewson, David; Vassiliou, Vassilios; Garg, Pankaj

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.682027

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…The benefits of imaging with better contrasts, SNR and resolution at 5T are yet to be demonstrated with a larger patient cohort with cardiovascular diseases. Second, this work only focused on CINE imaging, and other CMR techniques such as tissue characterization ( 29 ) and quantitative mapping ( 30 , 31 ), should be further evaluated in future works. Third, only a normal flexible body coil was currently available on the 5T system, while further improvement in imaging quality can be expected with dedicated cardiac coils ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-ventricular assessment with cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 5 Tesla: A pilot study

Lin

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at ultra-high fields (UHF) such as 7T has encountered many challenges such as faster T2* relaxation, stronger B0 and B1+ field inhomogeneities and additional safety concerns due to increased specific absorption rate (SAR) and peripheral nervous stimulation (PNS). Recently, a new line of 5T whole body MRI system has become available, and this study aims at evaluating the performance and benefits of this new UHF system for CMR imaging.MethodsGradient echo (GRE) CINE imaging was performed on healthy volunteers at both 5 and 3T, and was compared to balanced steady-state-free-procession (bSSFP) CINE imaging at 3T as reference. Higher spatial resolution GRE CINE scans were additionally performed at 5T. All scans at both fields were performed with ECG-gating and breath-holding. Image quality was blindly evaluated by two radiologists, and the cardiac functional parameters (e.g., EDV/ESV/mass/EF) of the left and right ventricles were measured for statistical analyses using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Bland-Altman analysis.ResultsCompared to 3T GRE CINE imaging, 5T GRE CINE imaging achieved comparable or improved image quality with significantly superior SNR and CNR, and it has also demonstrated excellent capability for high resolution (1.0 × 1.0 × 6.0 mm3) imaging. Functional assessments from 5T GRE CINE images were highly similar with the 3T bSSFP CINE reference.ConclusionsThis pilot study has presented the initial evaluation of CMR CINE imaging at 5T UHF, which yielded superior image quality and accurate functional quantification when compared to 3T counterparts. Along with reliable ECG gating, the new 5T UHF system has the potential to achieve well-balanced performance for CMR applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-ventricular assessment with cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 5 Tesla: A pilot study

Lin

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction is one of the common clinical types of myocardial fibrosis, and the core pathology is that the main effector cells of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction are induced by pro‐fibrotic factors such as oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, which leads to changes in biological behaviors such as proliferation, phenotypic differentiation, migration, and secretion, resulting in massive deposition of extracellular matrix, cardiac remodeling, and fibrosis, affecting cardiac diastolic function and electrical signal. It also leads to heart failure and arrhythmias, and affects prognosis 25,26 . ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 AST is found in large numbers in the heart muscle cells and liver. When the supplement of blood is reduced, a large amount 25,26 ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. 27 In the present study, we found that serum ST2 levels were positively correlated with ALT, AST, and BNP in the control population, and that ST2 levels were negatively correlated with HGB and TG in USAP patients, while ST2 levels were positively correlated with WBC, GLU, and BNP in NSTEMI patients, which suggested an interrelationship between these variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic efficacy of serum ST2 in patients with ASC

Ren

Hou

Ren

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, but the level of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the relationship between ST2 and ACS are unclear. Patients and Methods Patients with the acute coronary syndrome were divided into the unstable angina pectoris (USAP) group (n = 65) and non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) group (n = 58), and the healthy population, without chest pain and with normal coronary CT, was included as a control group (n = 55). Laboratory index levels were collected from each participant. The baseline information was reviewed and analyzed. The binary logistic regression was used to explore the relation of ST2 levels with the occurrence of ACS and NSTEMI, and the diagnostic performance of ST2 for diagnosing ACS or NSTEMI was evaluated using a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The level of ST2 was found significantly higher in NSTEMI than in USAP and was higher in USAP than in control (p < 0.01). ST2 levels were positively correlated with ALT, AST, and BNP in the control group, were negatively correlated with HGB and TG in the USAP group, and were positively correlated with WBC, GLU, BNP, and Gensini scores in the NSTEMI group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of ACS was associated with ST2, BNP, GLU, TC, BUN, WBC, and PLT, and the occurrence of NSTEMI was associated with AST, WBC, LDL‐C, and ST2. Meanwhile, ST2 levels achieved good performance for ACS and NSTEMI diagnostician. Conclusion ST2 could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for the occurrence of ACS and NSTEMI.

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“…It is worth mentioning that DTI is a technology based on DWI to quantify the anisotropy of water molecules and measure the degree and direction of water molecule diffusion[ 61 ]. DTI is expected to analyse the data of water molecular diffusion in three-dimensional space to noninvasively observe the damage severity of myocardial tissue infected by SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate whether the myocardial structure integrity has been lost[ 62 ]. Clinicians should be vigilant against the possible late-onset effects of convalescent patients with COVID-19 and use the CMR multiparameter model to dynamically and quantitatively evaluate myocardial fibrosis in follow-up.…”

Section: Covid-19 Related Myocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of COVID-19-related myocarditis as assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Luo¹,

Liu²,

Yuan³

et al. 2022

WJCC

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In some patients, COVID-19 is complicated with myocarditis. Early detection of myocardial injury and timely intervention can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Although endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is currently recognized as the ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of myocarditis, there are large sampling errors, many complications and a lack of unified diagnostic criteria. In addition, the clinical methods of treating acute and chronic COVID-19-related myocarditis are different. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can evaluate the morphology of the heart, left and right ventricular functions, myocardial perfusion, capillary leakage and myocardial interstitial fibrosis to provide a noninvasive and radiation-free diagnostic basis for the clinical detection, efficacy and risk assessment, and follow-up observation of COVID-19-related myocarditis. However, for the diagnosis of COVID-19-related myocarditis, the Lake Louise Consensus Criteria may not be fully applicable. COVID-19-related myocarditis is different from myocarditis related to other viral infections in terms of signal intensity and lesion location as assessed by CMR, which is used to visualize myocardial damage, locate lesions and quantify pathological changes based on various sequences. Therefore, the standardized application of CMR to timely and accurately evaluate heart injury in COVID-19-related myocarditis and develop rational treatment strategies could be quite effective in improving the prognosis of patients and preventing potential late-onset effects in convalescent patients with COVID-19.

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Clinical Translation of Three-Dimensional Scar, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Four-Dimensional Flow, and Quantitative Perfusion in Cardiac MRI: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 149 publications

Bi-ventricular assessment with cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 5 Tesla: A pilot study

Bi-ventricular assessment with cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 5 Tesla: A pilot study

Diagnostic efficacy of serum ST2 in patients with ASC

Frontiers of COVID-19-related myocarditis as assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

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