“…Study sample sizes varied from 10-5,700 with a sample mean of n= 741, although one study did not describe their sample size, stating only that they were expert RNs from the learning assessment center (Adair et al, 2014). Participants in all studies were classified as experienced nurses, with five studies surveying preceptors (Lofmark et al, 2006;Clark & Holmes, 2007;Hickey, 2009;Hartigan et al, 2010;Kantar, 2012); four studies surveying a combination of experienced nurses, including Clinical Nurse Specialists, administrators, nurse directors, educators, managers, charge nurses, and staff nurses with greater than two years' experience (Berkow et al, 2009;Romyn et al, 2009;Wolff et al, 2010a;Jacob et al, 2014); and one study each surveying nurse administrators (Utley-Smith, 2004), clinical supervisors (Shin et al, 2010), and line managers (Clinton et al, 2005). The final three studies described participants in general as either expert nurses, experienced nurses, or professional nurses, providing no definitive roles (Moeti et al, 2004;Rhodes et al, 2013;Adair et al, 2014).…”