Clinical study of the oral manifestations and related factors in type 2 diabetics patients

Abstract

di abetes Mellitus (dM) is reported with and associated to oral alterations, with conflicting results.The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of oral soft tissue alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Material and Methods:Socioeconomic variables, gender, heredity, capillary glucose control and local factors (prosthesis, dry mouth sensation) were analyzed in 196 diabetic and non-diabetic patients enrolled in HiperdiA, at 41 Health units of natal, Brazil.Study Design: A case study. Results:The last blood glucose mean was 177.0 mg/dl for diabetics and 89.46 mg/dl for nondiabetics. Mean capillary blood glucose was elevated in diabetics (215.95 mg/dl); it was 102.31 mg/dl in non-diabetics. The family history confirmed the heredity nature of the disease in 68.8% of diabetic patients (n = 66) (p < 0.001); salivary flow was 49% (n = 47) in diabetics, and 34% (n = 34) in non-diabetics. Candidiasis was present in 30.5% of diabetic patients (n=29) and 36% of nondiabetics (n=36). Both groups had lesions in the palate -81.4% (n = 35) in diabetics, and 71.1% in non-diabetics (n = 27) (p = 0.68). Conclusion:The alterations are not related to diabetes and are present independently of having or not type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(2):145-52. ORIgInAL ARTIcLE BJORL

Relationship of salivary flow of diabetic patients

“…The results obtained in this series of cases corroborate [9,16,23] those reporting that DM distribution occurs more in women and age 60 years or more, given that the majority of the sample consisted of women (64%) aged over 50 years. The higher incidence of DM diagnosis in women may be because, there is a resistance among men by seeking health, causing many not to seek appropriate care.…”

“…Even if the association between these variables did not show significant results, it is suggested a relationship with dysfunction of salivary secretion resulting from this situation. Of the sample, 54.5% exhibited decreased salivary flow, even that the association of dry mouth and saliva amount (p=0.076) and stimulated saliva (p=0,067) did not show statistically differences, corroborating the literature [4,7,11,17,19,23,26]. Although further studies with larger samples should be conducted in the search for meaningful results, the relationship between the dentist and doctor is necessary, and the medical history of the patient is essential for diagnosis and best treatment in situations of hyposalivation and xerostomia.…”

“…Considered the systemic disease that causes more morbidity in the world, insulin deficiency compromises some functions in the body that lead to the emergence of other systemic diseases, especially hypertension [16,23]. The reported cases confirmed this statement, considering that all had at least one systemic disease together with diabetes, with prevalence of hypertension, and prior to or consequence of DM.…”

“…The DM control affects the characteristic signs and symptoms of disease, as highlighted by Souza et al [23]. Although here the symptoms of dry mouth and glycated hemoglobin levels when related as a way to control the disease, did not reflect an association, one should be aware of the signs of salivary gland, as well as the condition of salivary flow for diabetic control maintenance [1].…”

“…Al-Maweri et al [2] point out in their study that compensated diabetic patients had significantly higher prevalence of oral lesions than the control group. The oral lesions most commonly found in diabetic patients, controlled or not, are: periodontitis; gingivitis; fungal infections (candidose); healing difficulty; tooth decay; dry mouth and impairment of the salivary glands; ketone breath; change in shape, size, and texture the tongue; tooth loss; changed tooth development; altered taste; feeling of mucosal burning; and increased salivary glucose level [12,14,23].…”