Clinical Spectroscopy

Gaul, L. Edward; Staud, A. H.

doi:10.1001/jama.1935.02760160011004

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…After reviewing 70 cases of argyria associated with ingestion of silver and silver compounds [30], the EPA established a chronic oral RfD of 5 μg/(kg day), or about 350 μg for a 70 kg person [31]. The amount of silver contained in the dose of DSF applied intraorally in this study exceeded the RfD for all subjects, with 1 subject exposed to nearly 9 times the RfD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Allowable short-term exposure (1–10 days) of 1.142 mg of silver per liter of drinking water was proposed by the EPA in May 1989 [26]. Based on argyria development reported by Gaul and Staud [30], the EPA set the lifetime lowest allowable effect level (LOAEL) for silver exposure at 1 g total dose, which is well over 400 times the maximum amount of silver applied in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short term serum pharmacokinetics of diammine silver fluoride after oral application

Vasquez

Zegarra²,

Chirinos

et al. 2012

BMC Oral Health

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BackgroundThere is growing interest in the use of diammine silver fluoride (DSF) as a topical agent to treat dentin hypersensitivity and dental caries as gauged by increasing published research from many parts of the world. While DSF has been available in various formulations for many years, most of its pharmacokinetic aspects within the therapeutic concentration range have never been fully characterized.MethodsThis preliminary study determined the applied doses (3 teeth treated), maximum serum concentrations, and time to maximum serum concentration for fluoride and silver in 6 adults over 4 h. Fluoride was determined using the indirect diffusion method with a fluoride selective electrode, and silver was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The mean amount of DSF solution applied to the 3 teeth was 7.57 mg (6.04 μL).ResultsOver the 4 hour observation period, the mean maximum serum concentrations were 1.86 μmol/L for fluoride and 206 nmol/L for silver. These maximums were reached 3.0 h and 2.5 h for fluoride and silver, respectively.ConclusionsFluoride exposure was below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oral reference dose. Silver exposure exceeded the EPA oral reference dose for cumulative daily exposure over a lifetime, but for occasional use was well below concentrations associated with toxicity. This preliminary study suggests that serum concentrations of fluoride and silver after topical application of DSF should pose little toxicity risk when used in adults.Clinical trials registrationNCT01664871.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short term serum pharmacokinetics of diammine silver fluoride after oral application

Vasquez

Zegarra²,

Chirinos

et al. 2012

BMC Oral Health

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“…It has been stated in the literature that gray-blue skin discoloration at the site of the implant can occur after silver intoxication (14,15,16) . We thus inspected the incision area for any such development when patients presented for their follow-up examination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It particularly accumulates in the subepithelial area of the skin. It causes blue-gray discoloration, also known as argyria, as a result of its subepithelial accumulation at greater amounts (14,15) . This pigment consists of silver sulfide and metallic silver which causes only permanent cosmetic problem…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaul and Staud estimated that a 50-year old man can store an average of 0.23-0,48 g of silver in his body14. Literature has also revealed that total accumulated intravenous dose of 8 g silver arsphenamin (1.84 g silver) is enough to cause argyria (14,43) . It has been also reported that ingesting 30 mg/day silver for 1 year, elevates serum silver levels to 0.5 mg/L and may cause argyria (44) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Trail Using A Silver-Coated Screw-Rod System and One-Year Follow-Up of The First 50 Patients

Seçinti

Attar

Seçinti

2018

sscd

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The occurrence of implant-related infection in all surgical branches is one of the challenges for which a definitive solution has yet to be found. One way to reduce the incidence of implant-related infection is to use implants which are coated with antibacterial materials such as silver. The aim of this study is to investigate if the nanoparticle silver coated spinal implants reduce the implant related infection rates and safe for human use. Method: In this clinical trial performed with 50 patients, we investigated whether or not silver-coated titanium implants alter renal and/or hepatic functions and increase serum silver levels at one year postoperatively. The required stabilization procedure was performed using the "nanoparticle silver coated transpedicular stabilisation system". Blood and urine samples were taken from each patient at six different time points for detection of any alteration in silver concentration. Silver levels of all samples were investigated spectrophotometrically. Additional serum samples were taken for monitoring liver and kidney functions. Results: All values measured were regarded as safe since they were lower than 5 μg/L. There was no alteration in renal and/or hepatic function, and the amount of silver in urine and serum was at undetectable levels using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Neither complication was related to silver nor any implant infection was detected in one year follow-up period. Conclusions: This study showed that, nanoparticular silver coated spinal implants are capable to reduce implant-related infection rates and these type of implants are safe for human use.

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Generalized argyria. Clinicopathologic features and histochemical studies

Pariser¹

1978

Archives of Dermatology

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In three cases of generalized argyria, the degree of slate-gray cutaneous discoloration varied from barely perceptible to pronounced. Deposition of silver-containing granules in and around cutaneous adnexal structures was best seen with darkfield microscopy. Histochemical studies suggested that the granules consisted of silver sulfide. Indiscriminate use of currently available silver-containing medications can result in generalized argyria.

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Clinical Spectroscopy

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Short term serum pharmacokinetics of diammine silver fluoride after oral application

Short term serum pharmacokinetics of diammine silver fluoride after oral application

Clinical Trail Using A Silver-Coated Screw-Rod System and One-Year Follow-Up of The First 50 Patients

Generalized argyria. Clinicopathologic features and histochemical studies

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