Clinical specificity of acute versus chronic self-injury: Measurement and evaluation of repetitive non-suicidal self-injury

The association of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior according to DSM-5 in adolescent psychiatric inpatients

“…In a recent German study, 49.6% of young psychiatric inpatients had engaged in NSSI on five or more occasions (Kaess et al, 2013) within the last year. Manca et al (2014) developed a questionnaire according to DSM-5 criteria, which reliably discriminated between occasional and repetitive NSSI in adolescents (N ¼449, mean Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychres age¼ 16.21) and young adults (N ¼ 634, mean age¼20.51) of the general population. Participants with repetitive NSSI showed elevated psychopathological measures when compared to participants with occasional NSSI.…”

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Swedish Adolescents : Prevalence, Characteristics, Functions and Associations With Childhood Adversities

“…The earlier features overlap with the suggested Shaffer and Jacobson (2009) NSSI criteria proposed to the DSM-5 Childhood Disorder and Mood Disorders work group for inclusion as a DSM-5 disorder, in that they both describe the functional, motivational and emotional aspects of NSSI (Manca, Presaghi, & Cerutti, 2014). Shaffer and Jacobson (2009) highlighted several reasons in their rationale for reclassifying NSSI: the DSM-IV classification of NSSI as a symptom of BPD is inconsistent with recent evidence; NSSI needs to be separated from suicide attempts; studying NSSI purely within a BPD context or as a manifestation of suicidality will hamper research and treatment of NSSI, which a separate diagnosis would encourage; a standardized definition of clinically significant NSSI would facilitate comparisons of findings from different studies and improve communication and clarity in clinical care.…”

“…There is as yet no gold standard for assessing NSSI, and researchers have had to combine different questions/instruments to assess the proposed DSM-5 NSSI diagnostic criteria (APA, 2013;Manca et al, 2014). The fact that no psychometric data are available on specific combinations of NSSI criteria questions (Manca et al, 2014) can lead to less valid results.…”

“…The fact that no psychometric data are available on specific combinations of NSSI criteria questions (Manca et al, 2014) can lead to less valid results. The design of the present thesis does not allow for discrimination or overlap between a potential NSSI diagnosis and other disorders.…”

“…According to Manca et al (2014), the functions in instruments such as FASM, ISAS and OSI can be used to assess the contingency criterion, but assessment of the states that precede the act of NSSI is potentially more problematical. For the assessment of APA's (2012) criterion B1 ("Psychological Precipitant: Interpersonal difficulties or negative feelings or thoughts…"), i.e., criterion C1 in DSM-5 (APA, 2013), the item "to relieve feeling 'numb' or empty" and "to stop bad feelings" were used.…”