Clinical significance of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate and inflammation in the development of vascular calcification and cardiovascular complications in stage C3–C5D chronic kidney disease
Fatima U. Dzgoeva,
Oleg V. Remizov,
Victoria G. Goloeva
et al.
Abstract:Aim. To clarify the role of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) and inflammation in the development of vascular calcification and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Materials and methods. One hundred fifteen patients aged 25 to 68 years with CKD stage C3C5D were examined. Serum concentrations of IS, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), troponin I, parathyroid hormone were determined by enzyme immunoassay using kits from BluGene biotech (Shanghai, China), Cloud-… Show more
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