Clinical significance of the presence of amniotic fluid ‘sludge’ in asymptomatic patients at high risk for spontaneous preterm delivery

Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Espinoza, Jimmy; Romero, Roberto; Gonçalves, Luís F.; Nien, Jyh Kae; Soto, Eleazar; Khalek, Nahla; Camacho, Natalia; Hendler, Israel; Mittal, Pooja; Friel, Lara A.; Gotsch, Francesca; Erez, Offer; Than, Nándor Gábor; Mazaki‐Tovi, Shali; Schoen, Mary E.; Hassan, Sonia S.

doi:10.1002/uog.4081

Cited by 127 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, we found that less than 37 weeks of gestation increased the risk of PROM (OR: 4.86, 95% CI: 2.07-11.44), which was consistent with previously reported results [1,2] . The polymorphisms in some MMPs, including MMP-1 T3447C and MMP-9 C1562T, are related to PPROM [15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Polymorphisms in the MTHRF, VDR, MMP-9 and IL-β Genes and the Risk of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Fang

Li²,

Diao³

et al. 2010

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) occurs 2.5–3 times more often in premature births than in births that are full term, is accompanied by many complications for both the mother and fetus and can cause serious adverse consequences. Little is known about the genetic susceptibility of PROM. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between several genotypes and PROM in a high-risk hospital-based population. Methods: The cases were 206 pregnant women who had PROM in labor, and the controls were 287 pregnant women who did not have PROM in labor. All subjects were selected between July 2006 and July 2007 from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jinan City. We genotyped the following genes: the MTHFR C677T, MMP-9 C1562T, VDR C352T and IL-1β C3593T genotypes. The associations between the genotypes and risk of PROM were analyzed. Results: The CC genotype at MTHFR C677T, combined with bacterial vaginosis, was associated with a significantly increased risk of PROM (odds ratio, OR: 3.55; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05–12.02). Compared to those in the stratum of 40 or more weeks of gestation, those in the stratum of 37 or less weeks of gestation had an increased risk of PROM (OR: 5.11, 95% CI: 2.0–13.05 for the TT/TC genotype of MTHFR C677T; OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.07–26.44 for the TC/TT genotype of MMP-9 C1562T, and OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 1.39–26.60 for the TT genotype of VDR C352T). Conclusion: The results indicated that an interaction exists between genetic and environmental factors that are related to the occurrence of PROM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Polymorphisms in the MTHRF, VDR, MMP-9 and IL-β Genes and the Risk of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Fang

Li²,

Diao³

et al. 2010

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…The combination of sludge and a CL <25 mm results in a higher risk for sPTB delivery at <28 and 32 weeks, than that of a short cervix alone. There is no sufficient evidence that intra-amniotic sludge alone can better the prediction accuracy already provided by CL [23].…”

Section: Technical and Clinical Aspects Of Transvaginal Cervical Sonogrmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…TVU can also help in recognizing other ultrasound risk indications for preterm delivery, including intra-amniotic sludge and choriodecidual separation [23,24]. Ultrasonography shows intra-amniotic sludge as suspended hyperechogenic material near the uterine cervix in the amniotic fluid.…”

Section: Technical and Clinical Aspects Of Transvaginal Cervical Sonogrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical length for the prediction and prevention of preterm birth

Di¹,

Berghella

2013

Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology

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“…This particles could represent germs surrounded by biofilms that would hinder neutralization of germs by the antibiotics [5][6]. AF "Sludge" should not be confused with dense aggregates of fetal vermis found sometimes in normal pregnancies which disintegrates after gentle pressure with the transvaginal probe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amniotic Sludge and Short Cervix as Inflammation and Intraamniotic Infection Markers

Pérez-Pedregosa¹,

Ruiz²,

Medina³

et al. 2017

OGIJ

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Clinical significance of the presence of amniotic fluid ‘sludge’ in asymptomatic patients at high risk for spontaneous preterm delivery

Abstract: K E Y W O R D S:amniotic fluid 'sludge'; chorioamnionitis; funisitis; microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity; preterm labor; preterm premature rupture of membranes; short cervix; spontaneous preterm delivery; transvaginal ultrasound ABSTRACT Objectives

Cited by 127 publications

References 31 publications

Polymorphisms in the MTHRF, VDR, MMP-9 and IL-β Genes and the Risk of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Polymorphisms in the MTHRF, VDR, MMP-9 and IL-β Genes and the Risk of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Cervical length for the prediction and prevention of preterm birth

Amniotic Sludge and Short Cervix as Inflammation and Intraamniotic Infection Markers

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