“…The reported incidence of firsttrimester IUH ranges from 0.5% (Seki et al, 1998) to 39.5% (Johns et al, 2003), depending on the different population studied. Some studies have shown that the presence of IUH is associated with an increased risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes in ongoing spontaneous pregnancies (Ball et al, 1996;Jauniaux et al, 2010;Leite et al, 2006;Maso et al, 2005;Nagy et al, 2003). Others, however, refute the concept that women presenting with IUH are more at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes than those without (Falco et al, 1996;Pedersen and Mantoni, 1990;Stabile et al, 1989;Tower and Regan, 2001).…”