Clinical significance of preoperative C‐reactive protein and squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma

Li, Zai Shang; Yao, Kai; Li, Yong Hong; Chen, Jie Ping; Deng, Congying; Zhao, Qi; Chen, Peng; Wang, Bin; Mi, Qi Wu; Liu, Zhuo Wei; Qin, Zi Ke; Han, Hui; Zhou, Fang

doi:10.1111/bju.13379

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…CRP is an acute-phase protein produced almost exclusively by the liver. Its prognostic value for patients with penile cancer has been demonstrated 22,42. According to the I 2 statistics, there was no heterogeneity for these biomarkers between included studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

<p>Predictors of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer patients: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies</p>

Hu¹,

Liu²,

Ren³

et al. 2019

CMAR

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Purpose Inguinal lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the most significant prognostic factors for patients with penile cancer. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of inguinal LNM. Patients and methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that reported predictors of inguinal LNM in penile cancer was performed. Finally, we selected 42 eligible studies with 4,802 patients. Accumulative analyses of odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. All analyses were performed by using Review Manager software version 5.3. Results Among the 4,802 patients, 1,706 (36%) were diagnosed with inguinal LNM. Predictors of LNM included two categories: tumor-associated biomarkers and invasive clinicopathologic characteristics. Biomarker-specific predictors: the program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpression (OR=2.55, p =0.002), higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR=4.22, p =0.010), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR=4.78, p <0.001), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) overexpression (OR=8.52, p <0.001), P53 protein overexpression (OR=3.57, p <0.001). Clinicopathological predictors: positive clinical lymph node (cN+) (OR=5.86, p <0.001), high-risk histopathological subtype (OR=14.63, p <0.001) and intermediate-risk subtype (OR=3.37, p <0.001), vertical growth pattern (OR=1.97, p =0.020), higher stage (AJCC: OR=3.66, p <0.001; UICC: OR=2.43, p <0.001), higher tumor grade (OR=3.37, p <0.001), tumor size (>3 cm) (OR=2.00, p =0.002), LVI (OR=3.37, p <0.001), invasion depth (>5 mm) (OR=2.58, p =0.002), nerve invasion (OR=2.84, p <0.001), corpora cavernosum invasion (OR=2.22, p <0.001), corpus spongiosum invasion (OR=1.73, p =0.002) and urethra invasion (OR=1.81, p =0.030). Conclusion Current meta-analysis conclusively identified valuable predictors of inguinal LNM for patients with penile cancer. However, high-quality studies are warranted to further validate our conclusions. The intrinsic link between these predictors needs to be further investigated to create an accurate mathematical prediction model for LNM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

<p>Predictors of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer patients: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies</p>

Hu¹,

Liu²,

Ren³

et al. 2019

CMAR

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“…Previous studies suggested that serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) levels had likely an effect on prognosis of malignant tumor [6][7][8][9], such as oral squamous cell carcinoma [7,10] and head and neck cancer [11,12]. Indeed, SCC-Ag is a widely used tumor marker in oncology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative squamous cell carcinoma antigen and albumin serum levels predict the survival of patients with stage T1-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study

Liu

Huang

et al. 2020

J Cardiothorac Surg

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Background: This study aimed to explore the significance of preoperative levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and albumin on the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with stage T1-3N0M0 in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Methods: The data of 308 patients who underwent esophagectomy between 1996 and 2011 were analyzed. SCC-Ag and albumin levels were measure 1 week before surgery. The optimal cutoff levels of SCC-Ag and albumin were determined using the X-Tile software, which were 1.0 μg/L and 39.8 g/L, respectively. The associations between SCC-Ag and albumin levels and clinicopathological characteristics were assessed using the χ 2 test, Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses were computed to identify SCC-Ag and albumin levels as independent prognostic factors related to the CSS of patients with ESCC. We used the Kaplan-Meier survival curve to determine the significance of SCC-Ag and albumin level on ESCC in the long-term follow-up. Results: The 5-year CSS rate for the entire cohort was 65.0%. There was a significant difference in CSS between the low and high SCC-Ag level groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.828, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.203-2.778; P = 0.005). Patients with ESCC with low albumin level had a worse CSS than those with high albumin level (HR, 0.540; 95% CI, 0.348-0.838; P = 0.006). Patients with both high SCC-Ag and low albumin levels had worse 5-year CSS than patients with low SCC-Ag and high albumin levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative serum SCC-Ag and albumin levels can predict survival in patients ESCC with stage T1-3N0M0. Patients with ESCC with high SCC-Ag and low albumin levels may have a poor survival outcome.

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“…[10][11][12] However, few valuable prognostic serologic factors have been identified in PSCC. Although serum CRP and SCC-Ag levels have been reported to predict postoperative recurrence, progression, and prognosis in PSCC, [13][14][15] their prognostic values need to be validated by large-scale investigations. In previous reports, elevated expression of LAMC2 was detected in numerous malignancies, [17][18][19] and cytoplasmic accumulation of LAMC2 and/or an increase in serum LAMC2 was correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) were reported to be prognostic markers in PSCC. [13][14][15] However, large-scale investigations are required to assess the clinical application of these markers. The discovery of more serologic biomarkers would be helpful in guiding treatment and predicting prognosis in PSCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated serum LAMC2 is associated with lymph node metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Zhou

Deng

Chen

et al. 2018

CMAR

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PurposeMolecular biomarkers, especially serologic factors, have been widely applied in cancer diagnosis and patient follow-up. However, there are few valuable prognostic factors in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). Here, the authors investigated whether laminin gamma 2 (LAMC2) expression, especially serum LAMC2 (sLAMC2) level, was a suitable prognostic factor that could aid in the prediction of survival in PSCC.Patients and methodsThis study included 114 PSCC patients. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect LAMC2 expression; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to test sLAMC2 concentration; and a Transwell assay and an in vivo experiment in nude mice were used to test PSCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the association between LAMC2 level and clinical parameters, the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio for death, and Kaplan–Meier analysis with a log-rank test was used for the survival analysis.ResultsLAMC2 was overexpressed in PSCC tissues, and the LAMC2 expression level was higher in metastatic lymph node (LN) tissues than in primary cancer tissues; moreover, the LAMC2 levels in primary cancer tissues and sLAMC2 were higher in patients with LN metastasis than in those without LN metastasis. Upregulated LAMC2 facilitated the migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of PSCC cells in vitro and promoted LN metastasis of PSCC cells in nude mice. Elevated LAMC2 levels were strongly correlated with advanced clinicopathologic parameters, especially LN metastasis, in PSCC patients and predicted shorter disease-specific survival. The predictive value of sLAMC2 is superior to that of C-reactive protein and squamous cell carcinoma antigen previously reported in PSCC patients, and a stratification analysis revealed that the level of sLAMC2 had a higher predictive value for disease-specific survival in early penile cancer (especially at the N0/X stage) than in later-stage penile cancer.ConclusionThese findings suggest that sLAMC2 is a potential serologic prognostic marker in PSCC and could aid in risk stratification in early-stage PSCC patients.

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Clinical significance of preoperative C‐reactive protein and squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

<p>Predictors of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer patients: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies</p>

<p>Predictors of inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer patients: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies</p>

Preoperative squamous cell carcinoma antigen and albumin serum levels predict the survival of patients with stage T1-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study

Elevated serum LAMC2 is associated with lymph node metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma

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