Clinical Significance of p53, Ki-67 and Galectin-3 Expressions in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Abstract

Purpose: There are few molecular markers useful in practice for predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) despite numerous basic researches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic values of several candidate markers of PTC (p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3) using immunohistochemistry (IHC), one of the most practical methods. Methods: IHC for p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3 were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 160 PTC specimens using monoclonal antibodies. The associations of the expressions of these markers with multiple clinicopathologic prognostic factors were assessed. Results: The overexpresion rates of p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3 were 48.8%, 64.3% and 97.8%, respectively. Overexpression of p53 protein was positively associated with extrathyroidal extension (P＜0.001). In addition, p53 immunoreactivity was more prevalent among Ki-67 overexpressed specimens (P＜0.001). Ki-67 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with tumor size (P＜0.05), which became more distinct when accompanied with p53 overexpression (P＜0.01). In contrast, no relationship between galectin-3 immunoreactivity and clinical prognostic factors was found. Conclusion: Our results suggest that overexpression of p53 protein and Ki-67 in papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with tumor progression and that IHC for these proteins could be useful for predicting prognosis of patients with PTC.

Clinicopathologic and Diagnostic Significance of p53 Protein Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

“…In the present study, p53 protein overexpression was observed in 47.3% of the PTC. Although several studies have reported finding that detection of p53 protein was a significant and independent prognostic indicator in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (Hosal et al, 1997;Horie et al, 2001;Omar et al, 2004;Morita et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Balta et al, 2012), the association has been a matter of controversy (Park et al, 1998;Kalidag et al, 2007;Jung et al, 2007;Zafon et al, 2007;Cvejic et al, 2008;Hamzany et al, 2012). Hosal et al (1997) reported that p53 protein overexpression was present in cases with extrathyroidal extension and metastases (Hosal et al, 1997).…”

“…There are some studies about immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein showing significant and independent prognostic indicator in differentiated thyroid carcinomas (Hosal et al, 1997;Park et al, 1998;Horie et al, 2001;Omar et al, 2004;Zafon et al, 2007;Morita et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Balta et al, 2012). We investigated the relations between p53 protein expression and the clinicopathologic features and its significance as a diagnostic marker in PTC.…”

“…Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are present in approximately 50% of all human cancers, and they represent the most common genetic changes in malignant cells (Horie et al, 2001;Moon et al, 2006;Zafon et al, 2007;Hansen et al, 2008;Morita et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Parameswaran et al, 2010;Balta et al, 2012).…”

“…Metastases (TNM) and Metastases, Age, Completeness of resection, local Invasion, tumor Size (MACIS) have been used for more accurate establishment of the prognosis in patients with PTC (Balta et al, 2012;Hamzany et al, 2012). Moreover, in recent years, attention has been focused on potential molecular and cytologic markers of biological behavior (Horie et al, 2001;Zafon et al, 2007;Morita et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Balta et al, 2012;Hamzany et al, 2012).…”

Gynecomastia Surgery Is Associated with Improved Nipple Location in Young Korean Patients

“…Gynecomastia can occur due to hypertrophy of the mammary gland (gynecomastia), fat accumulation (false gynecomastia), or complex proliferation. The condition should be treated upon clear understanding of the underlying cause 3 . Subcutaneous mastectomy is the primary method of breast excision.…”