Clinical significance of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: Factor analysis of the Neurological Evaluation Scale

Sewell, R. Andrew; Perry, Edward; Karper, Laurence P.; Bell, Morris D.; Lysaker, Paul H.; Goulet, Joseph L.; Brenner, Louise; Erdos, Joseph; D’Souza, Deepak Cyril; Seibyl, John; Krystal, John H.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.036

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Factors obtained following initial maximum likelihood exploration were further rotated using the varimax procedure. Factors are reported when they have eigenvalues greater than unity and when they contribute at least 10% to the cumulative variance [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences observed between the results of the present investigation and previous report may be a reflection of the heterogeneous nature of both NSS and schizophrenia. In line with this indication, it has often been difficult to provide exact replications of empirically derived categories of NSS, even when the same sample had been re-analysed, or when the same NES items had been used [2,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormalities in frontal release, eye movements, and short term memory are the 'other' frequently observed NSS. While this classification is 'meaningful', it has not been confirmed by empirical methods such as exploratory [2] or confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Out of a dozen reported factor analyses of NSS in schizophrenia [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], only one [6] had been based on a sample from the African continent. That exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was based on a sample composed of 21% white, 71% mixed and 8% Black Africans with first episode schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The confirmatory factor structure of neurological soft signs in Nigerians with first episode schizophrenia

Ojagbemi

Akpa

Esan

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The confirmatory factor structure of neurological soft signs in Nigerians with first episode schizophrenia

Ojagbemi

Akpa

Esan

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Along these lines, Wright et al [24] recently used bioinformatic tools to examine putative targets of miR-137 and their potential contributions to neuronal functions. The top scoring pathways predicted by Wright et al are related to long-term potentiation (LTP), ephrin receptor signaling, and axonal guidance, all of which are associated with learning, memory, and synaptic formation and are impaired in schizophrenia [25, 26]. Importantly, a recent postmortem study showed that miR-137 was downregulated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a miRNA-137 Polymorphism with Schizophrenia in a Southern Chinese Han Population

Yin

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Both genome wide association study (GWAS) and biochemical studies of Caucasian populations indicate a robust association between the miR-137 genetic variant rs1625579 and schizophrenia, but inconsistent results have been reported. To assay the association between this variant and schizophrenia, we genotyped 611 schizophrenic patients from Southern Chinese Han population for the risk single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1625579 using the SNaPshot technique and compared the clinical profiles of different genotypes. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed using the combined sample groups from five case-control publications and the present study. Both the genotype and allele distributions of the rs1625579 SNP were significantly different between patients and controls (P = 0.036 and 0.026, SNP). TT genotype carriers showed slightly lower Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia- (BACS-) derived working memory performance than G carriers (15.58 ± 9.56 versus 19.71 ± 8.18, P = 0.045). In the meta-analysis, we observed a significant association between rs1625579 and schizophrenia under different genetic models (all P < 0.05). The results of our study and meta-analysis provide convincing evidence that rs1625579 is significantly associated with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the miR-137 polymorphism influences the working memory performance of schizophrenic patients in a Chinese Han population.

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Changes in Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway Patterning Are Associated with Mild Impairments in Declarative Memory in Schizophrenia and Deficits in Semantic and Episodic Memory Coupled with Increased False-Memory Creation in Deficit Schizophrenia

et al. 2017

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Evidence indicates that schizophrenia and in particular negative symptoms and deficit schizophrenia are accompanied by neurocognitive impairments and changes in the patterning of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. This cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the associations between cognitive functions (as measured with Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD)) and TRYCAT pathway patterning in patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 40) deficit schizophrenia and normal controls (n = 40). Cognitive measures were assessed with the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Word List Memory (WLM), Constructional Praxis, Word List Recall (WLRecall), and Word List Recognition (WLRecognition), while TRYCAT measurements assessed the IgA/IgM responses to noxious TRYCATs, namely quinolinic acid (QA), 3-OH-kynurenine (3HK), picolinic acid (PA), and xanthurenic (XA) acid, and more protective (PRO) TRYCATs, including kynurenic acid (KA) and anthranilic acid (AA). IgA NOX/PRO, IgM KA/3HK, and IgA/IgM NOX/PRO ratios were computed. Schizophrenia was accompanied by lower VFT and WLM, while BNT (dysnomia) and MMSE are significantly lower in multiple- than first-episode schizophrenia. Deficit schizophrenia is strongly associated with worse outcomes on VFT, MMSE, WLM, WLRecall, WLRecognition, and delayed recall savings and increased false memories. Around 40-50% of the variance in negative symptoms' scores was explained by VFT, WLM, WLRecall, and MMSE. Increases in IgA NOX/PRO, IgM KA/3HK, and/or IgA/IgM NOX/PRO ratios were associated with impairments in VFT, BNT, MMSE, WLM, WLRecall, WLRecognition, and false-memory creation. In conclusion, nondeficit schizophrenia is accompanied by mild memory impairments, while disease progression is accompanied by broader cognitive impairments. Deficit schizophrenia and negative symptoms are strongly associated with deficits in working memory, delayed recall and recognition, and increased false-memory creation. These cognitive impairments and memory deficits are in part explained by increased production and/or attenuated regulation of TRYCATs with neurotoxic, excitotoxic, immune-inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative potential, which may contribute to neuroprogression.

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Clinical significance of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: Factor analysis of the Neurological Evaluation Scale

Cited by 27 publications

References 67 publications

The confirmatory factor structure of neurological soft signs in Nigerians with first episode schizophrenia

The confirmatory factor structure of neurological soft signs in Nigerians with first episode schizophrenia

Association of a miRNA-137 Polymorphism with Schizophrenia in a Southern Chinese Han Population

Changes in Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway Patterning Are Associated with Mild Impairments in Declarative Memory in Schizophrenia and Deficits in Semantic and Episodic Memory Coupled with Increased False-Memory Creation in Deficit Schizophrenia

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