Clinical review about TRAb assay's history

Zöphel, Klaus; Roggenbuck, Dirk; Schott, M.

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.05.021

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Studies have shown that TRAbs are present in 5-10% of patients with hypothyroidism associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 80-95% of patients with Graves' disease. 21 The increased frequency of TRAbs in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in our sarcoidosis patients may represent a more widely distributed characteristic of abnormal autoimmune function associated with the disease, since no positive TRAbs were observed in the control group. In autoimmune thyroid disease, TRAbs are considered an example of a primary autoantibody that causes the disease rather than being secondary to it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased primary autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid antibodies in sarcoidosis: evidence for an under-recognised extrathoracic involvement in sarcoidosis?

Malli¹,

Bargiota²,

Theodoridou³

et al. 2012

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OBJEcTIVE AND DEsIGN: sarcoidosis has been associated with thyroid diseases. However, until today no definite conclusions have been drawn. We aimed to assess the frequency of thyroid disorders and the levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies in 68 sarcoidosis patients and 75 controls. Additionally, we performed ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration. rEsULTs: In this prospective case control study conducted in the University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, overt thyroid disease was present in 29.4% of patients and 16.1% of patients presented clinical autoimmune thyroid disease. sarcoidosis patients had a significantly higher frequency of serological autoimmunity. Female patients had significantly increased frequency of positive TsH receptor antibodies (TrAbs) and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) when compared to gender-matched controls (40% vs 0%, p<0.001, and 28.8% vs 11.86%, p=0.029, respectively). The hypoechoic pattern of the thyroid was more frequent in female patients vs controls (p<0.001). Male patients had a higher frequency of TrAbs and hypoechoic pattern of the thyroid gland (43.4% vs 0%, p=0.002, and 39.1% vs 6.25%, p=0.021, respectively). Indices of thyroid autoimmune disease were significantly more frequent in sarcoidosis patients vs gender-matched controls. Increased TPOAbs were significantly associated with clinical autoimmune disease in sarcoidosis. cONcLUsIONs: Overall, the findings derived from this study suggest that thyroid disorders are frequent in sarcoidosis. This association may potentially be the result of increased thyroid antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased primary autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid antibodies in sarcoidosis: evidence for an under-recognised extrathoracic involvement in sarcoidosis?

Malli¹,

Bargiota²,

Theodoridou³

et al. 2012

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“…However, this test does not differentiate the biological activity of the antibodies, TSAb and TBAb, which is possible using a bioassay based on cell culture and recombinant human TSHR, but is limited due to much efforts and costs. Secondgeneration TBII tests have 100% specificity and 98% diagnostic sensitivity [37][38][39].…”

Section: Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies (Trab)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rola układu immunologicznego oraz udział cytokin w patomechanizmie autoimmunologicznej choroby tarczycy (AITD)

Mikos¹,

Mikoś²,

Obara-Moszynska³

et al. 2014

Endokrynologia Polska

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Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder. AITD development occurs due to loss of immune tolerance and reactivity to thyroid autoantigens: thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). This leads to infiltration of the gland by T cells and B cells that produce antibodies specific for clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease (GD) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (cAIT). In addition, T cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis induce apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells, leading ultimately to the destruction of the gland. Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases working in both the immune system and directly targeting the thyroid follicular cells. They are involved in the induction and effector phase of the immune response and inflammation, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. The presence of multiple cytokines has been demonstrated: IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4 , IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, TNF-a and IFN-g within the inflammatory cells and thyroid follicular cells. Finally, cytokines derived from T cells can directly damage thyroid cells, leading to functional disorders and may also stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG), thus increasing the inflammatory response in AITD. Immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AITD are strongly related to each other, but differences in the image of cAIT and GD phenotype are possibly due to a different type of immune response observed in these two counteracting clinical thyroid diseases. This article describes the potential role of cytokines and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AITD. (Endokrynol Pol 2014; 65 (2): 150-155)

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“…GD is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland and production of thyrotropin-receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs), leading to hyperthyroidism (20). TRAb, which is found in >95% of newly diagnosed GD patients (21), has been shown to be the main contributor to the onset and maintenance of GD. The incidence rates of GD have increased significantly and are roughly 29-30/100,000 annually in Caucasians (22), while an incidence of 14/100,000 has been reported in China (23).…”

Section: Igad and Graves Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%