Clinical Repercussions of Pituitary Adenomas and Possible Managements: A Literature Review

Abstract

Goal: Discuss the prognosis of pituitary adenomas considering their clinical consequences and resulting systemic changes, in addition to possible therapeutic measures for management. Method: Literature review carried out from October to November 2022, through searches in the Scielo and Pubmed databases with the descriptors "pituitary adenoma", "symptoms", "treatment" and "diagnosis". 2925 articles were found and, after the inclusion criteria, 13 studies were selected. Review: Pituitary adenoma (HA) is the second most common intracranial tumor in the population. HAs can be asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic or cause clinical repercussions for the patient, ranging from visual disturbances to infertility. In this context, the diagnosis of HAs can be complex and must be performed by interdisciplinary professionals, with magnetic resonance imaging being the gold standard exam for imaging diagnosis. Final Considerations: There are variants regarding the tumorextension, pace of evolution and degree of impact on surrounding structures -that must be taken into account in order to shape an individualized and effective planning for each patient.